非线性迭代时间积分方案在IAP AGCM-II中的实施及其模拟结果

将非线性迭代时间积分方案用于大气环流模式 IAP AGCM-II中, 并用 Rossby-Hauwitz波进行了检验, 结果表明, 该方案能长期稳定的积分。此外, 还将采用该方案的模式(其中物理过程不变)和原 IAP AGCM-II模式作了模拟结果的比较, 以考察其效果; 发现采用该方案模式对降水尤其是东亚地区降水的模拟能力较原模式有所提高。     

有界赤道大洋波包解及其年际年代际变率

Linearized shallow water perturbation equations with approximation in an equatorial β plane are used to obtain the analytical solution of wave packet anomalies in the upper bounded equatorial ocean. The main results are as follows. The wave packet is a superposition of eastward travelling Kelvin waves and westward travelling Rossby waves with the slowest speed, and satisfies the boundary conditions of eastern and western coasts, respectively.The decay coefficient of this solution to the north and south sides of the equator is inversely proportional only to the phase velocity of Kelvin waves in the upper water. The oscillation frequency of the wave packet, which is also the natural frequency of the ocean, is proportional to its mode number and the phase velocity of Kelvin waves and is inversely proportional to the length of the equatorial ocean in the east-west direction. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 1 most of the time appear as zonal flows with the same direction. They reach the maximum at the center of the equatorial ocean and decay rapidly away from the equator, manifested as equatorially trapped waves. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 2 appear as the zonal flows with the same direction most of the time in half of the ocean, and are always 0 at the center of the entire ocean which indicates stagnation, while decaying away from the equator with the same speed as that of Mode 1. The spatial structure and oscillation period of the wave packet solution of Mode 1 and Mode 2 are consistent with the changing periods of the surface spatial field and time coefficient of the first and second modes of complex empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of flow anomalies in the actual equatorial ocean. This indicates that the solution does exist in the real ocean, and that El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole(IOD) are both related to Mode 2.After considering the Indonesian throughflow, we can obtain the length of bounded equatorial ocean by taking the sum of that of the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean, thus this wave packet can also explain the decadal variability(about 20 a) of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.     

背景流中海洋内波垂向结构的计算和分析

利用了无摩擦、不可压情况下的旋转流体线性方程组,基于数值计算的方法,对背景流中海洋内波各个模态垂向结构进行了分析。结果表明:在无背景流时,海洋内波的垂向结构为简谐波;模态越高,其在垂直方向结构就越复杂,这时其模态属海洋内波的离散谱。在有垂直切变的背景流时,因受背景流的调制,其波形发生变化;此时海洋内波的前几个模态仍与简谐波类似,属海洋内波的离散谱,而此后的模态垂向结构不再光滑连续,出现了间断(奇性),该间断处即为临界层,该具有间断的模态属海洋内波的连续谱,而其积分则为海洋内波波包。正海洋内波在海洋中非常常见,是发生在密度稳定层化海水中的一种波动,其最大振幅出现在海洋内部,是重要的海洋中尺度现象。海洋内波的存在,使得海水运动以及水文要素的分布与变化更加复杂。由于内波发生机制的复杂性以及时空特征的随机性,内波成为海洋学研究中的难点。鉴于海洋内波在海洋学和军事上的意义,目前已经成为研究的活跃领域。对海洋内波垂向结构的研究不但有重要的理论意义,而且有广     

EOF分析用于β中尺度暴雨系统的探索

本文将2008年上海“8.25”暴雨过程的WRF中尺度数值模式模拟结果作为实况资料集,应用EOF（Empirical Orthogonal Function）方法对该资料集进行诊断,以探讨将该方法应用于暴雨β中尺度系统的可行性。主要结论有:当数值模式输出足够稠密、精细的样本,能够较好反映实况时,利用EOF方法对天气尺度和α、β中尺度系统的天气过程进行诊断是可行的。对本文的暴雨过程,EOF分解位势偏差场的前三个模态分别反映了α中尺度中端、低端和β中尺度天气系统的演变特征,分别对应于波长和振荡频率不同的驻波波列。其可分别称之为暴雨背景模态、暴雨系统模态和暴雨雨团模态。各波列物理性质不同,分别属于准地转的Rossby波、准平衡的涡旋波和非平衡的重力惯性波。天气系统EOF分解的物理本质为:可将一个变形和移动的天气系统分解为若干个具有不同物理性质且时空尺度不同相互独立的模态（驻波波列）。这有助于明确和深化对天气系统的认识。EOF分解能够进行天气系统的尺度分离,且分离后得到的各种尺度的天气系统是独立和有特定物理意义的,这更体现了该尺度分离方法的优点。本文中当EOF分解后各波列（模态）在某地时空指数发生三波锁相,且该地的位势表现为低空为负、高空为正,同时低层位势急剧降低时,则有可能在此处发生暴雨。     

表层洋流对外强迫响应敏感度的数值研究

利用数值模拟研究了海表流场对外强迫（风应力和海表热通量）的响应特征,探讨了其对该类外强迫异常响应的敏感性以及较敏感区域。在确认本文所用的海洋环流模式能够较好地模拟表层海洋流场的气候状态之后,通过几个敏感性试验与控制（对照）试验结果的比较,发现海洋表层环流对海表风应力异常响应的敏感区域主要在赤道附近及大洋西边界海区;相对于热带外地区,热带海域（20°S～20°N）的风应力异常对于大洋表层环流的变化有着更重要的显著作用,它不仅会导致热带海域表层流场有较大的变化,对中高纬海区的表层流场特别是西边界流也有明显影响;海洋表层环流对海表热通量异常的响应除了在赤道附近海域明显之外,在中高纬海区也十分显著;在外强迫有同等异常幅度（20%）的情况下,大洋西边界海域对热通量的响应明显要强于对风应力的响应。此外,热通量异常还对南太平洋东海岸的洋流和南极大陆的绕极环流有较为明显的影响。     

Index of direction change of zonally averaged wind and change of season

In this paper, a Wind Direction Change Index (WI), which can describe four-dimensional spatiotemporal changes of the atmospheric circulation objectively and quantitatively, is defined to study its evolution and seasonal variation. The first four modes can be obtained by EOF expansion of the zonally averaged WI. The first mode reveals the basic spatial distribution of the annually averaged WI. The second mode reflects the quasi-harmonic parts of the WI deviations. Tropical, subtropical and extratropical monsoon areas can be clearly reflected by this mode. The third mode reflects the non-harmonic parts of the WI deviations. It shows the so-called February reverse in stratospheric atmosphere as well as the asymmetric seasonal changes from spring to fall and from fall to spring due to both the land-sea distribution contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and the nonlinear effect of atmospheric and ocean fluids. The fourth mode reveals the northward advancing of the global reversed wind fields from spring to summer and their southward withdrawal from summer to autumn.     

亚洲夏季风建立前后全球环流调整的气候风场变差度分析

利用变差度诊断分析,分析讨论了亚洲夏季风建立及前后(4月1日至6月30日)气候风场变差度的时空特征,发现北半球在4月10日和21日、5月15日和31日、6月11日和28日分别有6次大气环流大调整;变差度的大值区则均位于广义季风区;变差度确实是诊断大气环流调整和研究广义季风的客观定量工具.得到的主要结论如下:该6次环流大...     

赤道东太平洋海温异常期间印度洋偶极子对东亚季风区影响的数值模拟

利用中科院大气所的IAP AGCM-Ⅱ大气环流模式，模拟了在存在和没有赤道东太平洋海温异常影响下，印度洋偶极子对东亚季风区天气气候的影响。结果表明：后者东亚地区西南季风的爆发偏晚，南海夏季风增强，此时我国大陆降水偏多；而前者西南季风的爆发将更偏晚，南海夏季风减弱，此时华北降水偏少；赤道东太平洋海温异常和印度洋偶极子有协同作用。     

三维三层背风波的理论和数值研究

建立了一个三维三层背风波的理论模型，求出当Scorer参数满足中间层大，上、下两层小的情况下，三维三层背风波的理论波长和扰动分布。利用该理论模型对一个实际的背风波个例进行了计算，得到的理论波长与实际波长十分接近。理论结果还表明波动的最大扰动振幅在中层附近。利用ARPS（The Advanced Regional Prediction System） 模式对此个例模拟的结果表明，模拟得到的波长、锲角及波动位相的分布都与理论模型的结果较为一致。