青岛灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶食物来源的季节变动研究

魁蚶（Anadara broughtonii）是我国北方重要的经济贝类,筏式养殖是其主要的生产方式。2014年5月至2015年1月,测定了不同季节灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶及其3种潜在食物源（表层颗粒有机物SPOM、底层颗粒有机物BPOM和附着微藻AM）的碳氮稳定同位素（δ13C和δ15N）,结合胃含物分析研究了海区食物源结构的季节变化对魁蚶食物组成的影响。结果显示,魁蚶及其食物源的稳定同位素比值均存在明显的季节差异,魁蚶的δ13C值（-19.6‰~-19.2‰）介于SPOM （-23.3‰~-21.8‰）、BPOM （-22.1‰~-21.2‰）和AM（-17.0‰~-16.0‰）之间,δ15N值范围集中在8.7‰~9.9‰。冬季魁蚶的δ13C值最低,δ15N值则最富集。水体颗粒有机物（主要由浮游植物组成）是魁蚶的主要食物来源（60.0%~77.8%）,以夏季的饵料贡献率最高;海区再悬浮作用使BPOM的贡献率始终维持在较高水平（30.8%~47.1%）;而养殖网笼上的附着微藻也可为魁蚶提供约22.1%~40.0%的食物。研究揭示了筏式养殖魁蚶可以混合滤食颗粒有机物和附着微藻,附着微藻是其重要的食物补充。     

氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定沉积物中的硼

本文建立了氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定沉积物中的硼。在建立本方法过程中,做了各种干扰条件实验,得到了满意的分析结果。实验中不用溴甲酚绿,效果很好,可延长电极寿命。实验证明,本法较比色法简单、快速、干扰少,而且不需大型仪器设备,可测定0.000x—0.x%的硼。     

Effects of temperature, pH and NaC1 on protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

The protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot Scophthalmus maximum was studied, and the optimal pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were determined for different portions of the fish＇s internal organs. The optimal activity in the fish＇s stomach was at pH of 2.2, while that in the intestinal extracts was within the alkaline range from 9.5 to 10.0. In hepatopancreas, the optimal pH was in low alkalinity at 8.5. The optimal reaction temperature was above 40℃ in stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. With increasing temperature, the pH value increased in stomach, while in the intestine, an opposite tendency was observed due to combined effect of pH and temperature. NaCl concentration showed inhibitory impact on protein digestion in hepatopancreas. The main protease for protein digestion in turbot seemed to be pepsin. Moreover, the maximum protease activity in different segments of intestine existed in the hindgut.     

Vertebral deformities in hatchery-reared and wild-caught juvenile Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

The present study compared vertebral deformities of hatchery-reared and wild-caught juvenile Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus.A total of 362 hatchery-reared flounder(total length 122.5-155.8 mm) were collected from three commercial hatcheries located in Yantai,East China,and 89 wild fish(total length 124.7-161.3 mm) were caught off Yangma Island near Yantai City(37°27′N,121°36′E).All the fish were dissected,photographed,and images of the axial skeleton were examined for vertebral deformities.Compared with wild-caught flounder in which no deformed vertebrae were detected,48(13.3%) hatcheryreared fish had deformed vertebrae.The deformities were classified as compression,compression-ankylosis,and dislocation-ankylosis.The vertebral deformities were mainly localized between post-cranial vertebra 1and 3,with vertebrae number 1 as the most commonly deformed.The causative factors leading to vertebral deformities in reared Japanese flounder may be related to unfavorable temperature conditions,inflammation,damage,or rupture to the intervertebral ligaments under rearing conditions.Furthermore,no significant difference in the total number of vertebral bodies was observed between wild-caught(38.8±0.4) and hatchery-reared flounder(38.l±0.9)(P0.05).However,the number of vertebral bodies of hatchery-reared and wild-caught flounder ranged from 35 to 39 and from 38 to 39,respectively.     

华北历史地震分期的补充和论证

本文在《中国地震地质概论》一书和李钦祖同志将公元一千年以后九百年间的华北历史地震,划分为四个高潮期的基础上,往前推移近八百年,从公元294年至公元876年,补充划分两个高潮期。从历史学和地震学方面作一些分板研究。并对1983年出版的《中国地震目录》未定震级和个别已定震级的地震,试图作一些确定和修改震级的工作,以便在较长的地震历史年代中,探索地震活动的规律性。     

唐山地震的某些历史教训

本文回顾了唐山地震前华北地区开展地震预报等背景情况,重点结合漏报唐山地震原因的分析论及地震预报的复杂性,总结了值得引起今后重视的某些历史教训。     

实施科技兴海 发展天津海洋经济

文章指出随着天津滨海新区被纳入国家发展战略的总体布局,天津面临巨大的发展机遇。分析了发展海洋经济的资源条件和比较优势。提出了天津实施科技兴海的重点和思路,也明确了存在的问题和解决办法。     

红鳍东方鲀精子超低温保存前后的超微结构观察

应用透射电镜技术,研究超低温保存前后红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)精子的超微结构。观察发现,受冷冻损伤精子的被膜膨胀、破裂、脱落;线粒体内嵴变形,结构模糊,甚至消失;鞭毛在基部或主段、末段断裂,或被膜膨胀脱落。结果表明,经超低温保存后,部分红鳍东方鲀精子由于膜结构及鞭毛轴丝损伤导致精子活力下降。     

中日花鲈生化遗传变异的初步研究

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对中日花鲈群体的遗传结构进行了分析 ,共检测了中国沿海花鲈 1 4 6个个体和日本东京湾花鲈 40个个体中 1 2种同工酶的 1 6个基因位点。同工酶分析表明 :中日花鲈多态位点比例分别为 0 .4375和 0 .375 0。中日花鲈观测杂合度分别为 0 .0 2 83,0 .0 32 4 ;预期杂合度分别为 0 .0 4 73,0 .0 782。两者间在 LDH* ,GPI- 1 * ,GPI- 2 * 基因位点上的等位基因接近完全替代。中国花鲈和日本花鲈间根井遗传距离为 0 .1 91 8,远远高于中国种群间的遗传距离。