新模块化单桩缓冲系泊浮式集成结构系统研究

为配合我国南海重要岛礁陆域拓展及海洋资源开发,提出了一种基于新型单桩缓冲系泊与波浪能装置(WEC)集成的具有潮汐自适应特性的模块化浮体结构系统。基于三维势流理论,综合考虑浮体模块与单桩缓冲结构的相对运动及相关波浪能装置的机械耦合机理,重点研究了新型单模块浮式结构系统在典型海况下的动力响应特征,获得了单桩缓冲系泊系统的初步优化设计参数,并对极端海况进行安全校核,提出了优化自存策略。数值结果表明,此带有波浪能装置的新型单桩缓冲系泊系统,不仅可以有效地降低浮体模块的运动响应幅值并改善平台舒适度,还可以获得可观的发电量,而且在极端海况下,可以通过调整阻尼装置系统来稳定浮体模块的运动。     

内蒙古十大孔兑主河道纵剖面发育动力机制（英文）

The longitudinal profiles of main streams of ten kongdui basins within Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China were characterized in this study by analyzing a series of quantitative indexes that are relevant to tectonic activity and river action, and by establishing a series of multiple regression models. The results reveal that all longitudinal profiles are concave in shape, with a range of concavity between 1.1 and 3.1, increasing from west to east. Data also show that the concavity of the profiles is significantly negatively correlated with profile length, altitude difference, average altitude, drainage area and sediment load of the basins. Analysis reveals that kongdui basins have suffered from moderate-to-weak tectonic activity over time, again characterized by a west-to-east weakening trend. Stream power also varies along the main channels of the ten kongdui basins; average values in each case fall between 0.8 W/m and 8.4 W/m, generally higher within the middle reaches. This decreasing trend in stream power within the lower reaches of kongdui basins might provide one key explanation for sedimentation there. Data also show that the average stream power in western and central basins tends to be higher than that in eastern examples, even though both the highest and the lowest values are seen within two middle ones. This analysis shows that the longitudinal profile concavity values are mainly controlled by tectonic activity and that the effect of river action is insignificant.     

内蒙古自治区油砂分布特征与资源状况

油砂作为非常规油气资源的一种,通常具有资源量大,分布面积广等特点。本文简要地介绍了我国油砂资源的发展历程,并重点围绕松辽盆地外围(内蒙古境内)、二连盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地油砂矿富集情况进行了论述,对内蒙古自治区油砂的分布特征与资源状况进行了总结,在此基础上预测了自治区内油砂的发展方向及找矿前景。     

近7000年巢湖沉积物环境磁学特征及其指示的亚洲季风变化

利用巢湖ACN钻孔,通过多参数磁性测量、粒度和AMS 14C测年分析,探讨了近7000年以来巢湖沉积物磁性特征变化及其控制因素,并进而探讨了其对亚洲季风变化的指示意义.研究结果表明,ACN钻孔磁性特征由磁铁矿主导,其变化主要受沉积动力环境控制,间接反映了流域降水的变化.总体上粘土含量高的沉积物中磁性矿物含量较低、颗粒较细,形成于高湖泊水位环境,对应了降水量高的时期;而＞32μm组分含量高的沉积物磁性较强、颗粒较粗,形成于低湖泊水位环境,对应了降水量低的时期.巢湖ACN的磁性记录(尤其是χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM两个参数)揭示了近7000年以来巢湖流域降水具有减少的趋势,导致湖泊收缩和沉积物中磁性矿物颗粒变粗.在这一长期变化的基础上,还存在6000aB.P.,5500aB.P.和3800aB.P.附近的显著干旱事件.这一磁性记录与中国东部地区的石笋、湖泊等记录可以很好地对比,是亚洲季风演变的区域响应结果.     

曹娥江沉积物黏土矿物与磁性特征及其指示意义

曹娥江位于钱塘江河口区,建河口大闸前受钱塘江涌潮影响,沉积作用与物质来源较复杂,建闸后则改变了河流原有沉积作用与物质来源。采用XRD和环境磁学分析,对曹娥江流域表层物质中的黏土矿物组合和磁性特征进行了研究,并探讨了曹娥江干流沉积物来源。结果表明:表土与支流沉积物黏土矿物组合和磁性参数特征相似,1.4nm黏土矿物以蛭石和1.4nm过渡矿物为主,χ、SIRM、HIRM和χARM值较高。干流不同河段沉积物黏土矿物组合和磁性参数特征存在差异,上浦闸以上河段1.4nm黏土矿物以蛭石为主,4种磁性参数值较高,与表土、支流沉积物的值相近;新三江闸以下河段1.4nm黏土矿物以绿泥石为主,磁性参数值相对最低;上浦闸至新三江闸段1.4nm黏土矿物则以绿泥石+蛭石为主,磁性参数值介于前两者之间。物源分析结果显示,上浦闸以上河段干流沉积物来自于上游支流和流域表土,新三江闸以下河段干流沉积物主要为江外(长江口、杭州湾和钱塘江)物质,上浦闸至新三江闸段则兼有流域和江外两个区域物质,且江外物质对其影响更大。     

新型框架通风锚杆支护多年冻土边坡降温效果及力学效应试验研究

新型框架通风锚杆是自主研发的一种冻土边坡柔性支挡结构,具有广阔的应用前景。为了探究新型框架通风锚杆的降温效果及力学效应,设计了能够加载、变角度且可同时测得温度、水分、风速及内力的多功能冻土实验箱,并搭建了新型框架通风锚杆支护多年冻土边坡的室内试验,得到了不同时期内边坡温度、水分、风速及支挡结构内力变化规律。试验结果表明：越靠近通风锚杆,土体温度和水分变化越明显,新型通风锚杆能吸收冷量并沿轴向和径向传递和扩散,具有良好的降温效果,并保持冻土边坡的冻结状态。新型通风锚杆内风速变化规律与外界风速变化较为一致,外界风速越大,新型框架通风锚杆降温效果越明显。不同时期内,新型锚杆轴力呈抛物线型变化,冻结期轴力大于融化期,且冻结期框架内力是融化期的2～3倍。研究结果可为新型框架通风锚杆的设计和工程应用提供指导。     

黄河中—上游地区是否普遍发生过“史前大洪水”事件的讨论

传说中发生于夏朝建立前夕的"史前大洪水"是否在大面积地区广泛存在,是学术界争议的问题之一。本文在综述黄河中—上游地区古洪水研究成果的基础上,对该区全新世以来的古洪水事件进行了统计分析。结果显示黄河中—上游大部地区可能在距今4 300~4 000 a时段曾集中发生过古洪水事件,同时该时段的古洪水事件在时间及空间范围上均能与传说中发生于黄河中游地区的"大禹治水"传说相对应。即本文的综述结果能够支持部分前人关于"史前大洪水"事件在黄河中—上游的广大地区可能真实存在的观点,且本文推测其很可能发生于距今4 300~4 000 a。此外,通过对比研究区周边气候记录,显示黄河中—上游地区古洪水事件发生的时段对应于全新世气候剧烈波动的时段,因此,本文认为,黄河中—上游大面积地区集中发生的古洪水很可能是对研究区全新世气候不稳定性的响应。     

长江上游社会经济因子对侵蚀产沙的影响

In recent years,the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projec-tions in the Upper Yangtze River,but it has not been evaluated at the macro scale.Taking Sichuan Province and Chongqing City as an example,this paper studies the relationship between socio-economic factors and sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River based on section data in 1989 and 2007.The results show that sediment yield is significantly correlated with population density and cultivated area,in which the former appears to be more closely related to sediment yield.Moreover,in the relation of sediment yield vs.population density,a critical value of population density exists,below which the sediment yield increases with the increase of population density and over which the sediment yield increases with the decrease of population density.The phenomenon essentially reflects the influence of natural factors,such as topography,precipitation and soil property,and some human activities on sediment yield.The region with a higher population density than critical value is located in the east of the study area and is characterized by plains,hills and low mountains,whereas the opposite is located in the west and characterized by middle and high mountains.In the eastern region,more people live on the lands with a low slope where regional soil erosion is slight;therefore,sediment yield is negatively related with population density.In contrast,in the western region,the population tends to aggregate in the areas with abundant soil and water resources which usually lead to a higher intensity of natural erosion,and in turn,high-intensity agricultural practices in these areas may further strengthen local soil erosion.It is also found that popu-lation tends to move from the areas with bad environment and high sediment yield to the areas with more comfortable environment and less sediment yield.The natural factors have greater influence on sediment yield of western region than that of eastern region.Generally,the natural factors play a dominant role on sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River.     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长6储层成岩相及微观孔隙结构

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长6储层物性差、非均质性强。利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性、高压压汞等分析测试手段,深入分析了超低渗储层成岩作用、成岩相及其微观孔隙结构特征。结果表明:发育的优势储集成岩相主要有水云母胶结-残余粒间孔+长石溶蚀相、长石溶蚀+水云母胶结-残余粒间孔相、长石溶蚀+绿泥石膜胶结-残余粒间孔相等。不同类型成岩相的微观孔隙结构特征不同,孔喉比和配位数与最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率有很好的对应关系,即孔喉比越小,配位数越大,则最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率越大,如水云母胶结-残余粒间孔+长石溶孔相;反之,孔喉比越大,配位数越小,最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率越小,如长石溶孔+绿泥石膜胶结-残余粒间孔相。     

库布齐现代沙漠景观发育的沉积学及光释光年代学证据

通过对库布齐沙漠5条南北向断面上的12个探坑和剖面的考察,分析了现代库布齐沙漠景观及下伏地层结构,发现该沙漠风沙沉积直接覆盖于冲洪积相／湖相沉积地层之上．石英的双单片再生法（DoubleSAR）光释光（OSL）测年结果表明,库布齐沙漠的西北部和东部地区最迟分别在距今19和9ka前后开始风沙堆积,在距今7ka风沙活动显著增强,特别是在距今2ka以来,沙漠向南和北扩展,现代库布齐沙漠景观开始形成．库布齐地区距今19,9和7ka前后的风沙堆积可能受到亚洲夏季风衰退的影响,距今2ka前后现代库布齐沙漠地貌景观的形成则更多地受到人类活动的触发．