2011 年春夏季黄、东海浮游植物粒级结构

通过2011年4月和8月利用"科学三号"考察船在黄、东海海域开展的春、夏季综合调查,研究了黄、东海浮游植物粒级结构的分布格局及其时空变动规律,探讨重要环境因子的变动对浮游植物粒级结构的影响。结果表明,春季表层水体中小型、微型和微微型粒级叶绿素a浓度的范围分别为0—4.36、0.02—2.27、0—2.66mg/m3,平均叶绿素a的浓度分别为0.56、0.31和0.14mg/m3,对叶绿素a总量的贡献率分别为55.4%、30.8%和13.8%。夏季表层由大至小3个粒级浮游植物叶绿素a浓度范围分别为:0—6.78、0—2.59、0—0.86mg/m3,平均叶绿素a含量依次为0.50、0.24和0.07mg/m3,对叶绿素a总量的贡献率分别为61.8%、30.1%和8.1%。春季小型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度的垂直分布较为均匀,微型和微微型浮游植物浓度随深度增加呈现逐渐下降趋势。夏季叶绿素a浓度出现明显分层现象,10m层以上小型和微型浮游植物浓度较高,10m层之下浓度迅速降低。微微型浮游植物浓度在不同水层都保持较低水平。受黄、东海不同季节水团影响而引起的温、盐以及营养盐分布格局的变化是影响黄、东海浮游植物粒级结构组成的重要因素。     

海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)摄食的研究

采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。     

基于脂肪酸标记的长江口海区浮游动物常见种食性分析

脂肪酸不仅是浮游动物的重要组分,也被作为生物标记来指示动物的食物组成及其之间的营养关系。本文运用脂肪酸标记法对长江口附近海区6个浮游动物常见种的食性进行了分析。研究结果表明,中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)雌体和桡足幼体都表现出明显的植食性。但雌体中16:1ω7的含量要明显高于18:4ω3,表明雌体对硅藻的摄食较多;桡足幼体的18:4ω3要高于雌体,说明桡足幼体对甲藻的摄食较多。磷虾(Euphausia spp.)的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和ω3系列脂肪酸的含量很高,说明其作为饵料可以给摄食者提供较多的脂类营养物质。中华哲水蚤和磷虾较低的22:6ω3/20:5ω3比值说明他们的营养地位较低。箭虫(Sagitta spp.)的20:1和22:1脂肪酸含量很高,指示了其对植食性桡足类的摄食。蝶水母(Ocyropsis crystallina)、瓜水母(Bero cucumis)和四叶小舌水母(Liriopetetraphylla)的20:1+22:1脂肪酸所占比例较高,指示了其对植食性桡足类的摄食,但是水母类的总脂肪酸含量都很低。几种水母和箭虫的22:6ω3的含量要明显高于20:5ω3的含量,说明它们在浮游食物网中具有较高的营养地位。     

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.     

Seasonal change in body length of important small copepods and relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Differences among species in prosome length and in species’ response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods’ population dynamics in this human-affected bay.     

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta)

In 2008,a green tide broke out before the sailing competition of the 29th Olympic Games in Qingdao.The causative species was determined to be Enteromorpha prolifera (Ulva prolifera O.F.Müller),a familiar green macroalga along the coastline of China.Rapid accumulation of a large biomass of floating U.prolifera prompted research on different aspects of this species.In this study,we constructed a nonnormalized cDNA library from the thalli of U.prolifera and acquired 10 072 high-quality expressed sequence tags ...     

Distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps during austral summers in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

The distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps was studied from samples collected in 2002 and 2006 from Prydz Bay, Antarctica.Larvae of Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia superba were mainly distributed in the north of the continental shelf. T. macrura was more abundant and had a relatively wider distribution. In 2006, with ice having retreated and higher seawater temperatures and chlorophyll a levels, E. superba and T. macrura occurred in higher abundances and at more mature developmental stages. Euphausia crystallorophias was mainly distributed in the neritic region. In 2002, with severe ice conditions in the neritic region, abundance of E. crystallorophias was consisted of metanauplius (MN) and calyptopis I (CI). Salps, mostly Salpa thompsoni, had a low abundance in Prydz Bay. In 2002, S. thompsoni was only m)-3. In 2006, S. thompsoni was found at three stations located near the contimental factors, such as the timing of ice melt, polynya formation and food concentration appear to have a marked effect on the distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps.     

2002年1月份南极普里兹湾海域南极磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)的丰度和种群结构研究

对2002年1月份在南极普里兹湾海域三条断面(68.5°E、70.5°E和73°E)用IKMT网采集的幼体后期南极磷虾(E.superba)的水平分布和种群结构进行了研究.南极磷虾主要位于64°S以南的海域,64°S以北磷虾数量很少.南极磷虾的平均丰度和生物量分别为68.85 ind·1 000 m-3和24.16 g...     

黄海中华哲水蚤C5发育期油脂积累初步研究

根据9个黄海调查航次的数据,研究了黄海中华哲水蚤C5发育期油脂积累的区域、季节变化,并探讨了中华哲水蚤油脂积累对其生理、生活史的可能作用。在黄海近岸海域,中华哲水蚤C5期油囊体积常年较小;而在陆架海域则表现出明显的季节差异。在陆架区,C5期的油囊体积与度夏过程联系密切：最大油囊体积（可占前体部体积的30%以上）出现于度...     

胶州湾营养盐浓度与结构的长期变化

依据自20世纪60年代以来胶州湾营养盐调查与研究资料,系统分析了近40余年来胶州湾营养盐浓度与结构的长期变化规律,以及2000年以后胶州湾营养盐浓度与结构的变化特征。结果表明,近几十年来胶州湾各项营养盐浓度都呈现增加趋势,但不同种类营养盐浓度变化的时期并不相同。氨氮浓度到2001年达到顶峰,随后呈现下降趋势。而亚硝酸盐...