冰芯与寒区环境开放研究实验室的回顾与展望

History and current situations of ice core research in China are reviewed following the establishment of the Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, CAS. At present, three research foci are mainly carried out in the laboratory, namely: (1) Interaction between glacier and atmosphere; (2) Ice core records; (3) The physics of snow and ice. Within the passing several years. over forty projects have been finished or are being carried out. and about 300 papers were published in various international or domestic scientific journals and 9 monographs were published too. The research results have been awarded two first-class prizes by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one third-class national prize. and one fourth-class national prize. Intensive cooperation with authoritative research institutions has contributed much to the laboratory. which will be continuously emphasized in the future.     

超纯水中甲酸、乙酸污染的实验研究及其对雪冰有机酸测定的意义

塑料容器是降水中生物有机酸研究的常用样品储集器,极地冰芯和粒雪样品钻取中也常用聚乙烯塑料袋盛装,且常常采用双封口方式保存。这种样品保存方式和样品暴露于大气一样,都会造成样品中有机酸含量的污染。定量研究一述污染是准确分析降水中有机酸含量的前提和基础。以超水为主要实验样品,对聚乙烯塑料顺和空气的甲酸,乙酸污染的研究表明,甲酸、乙酸的污染主要来自聚乙烯塑料代的热塑封口过程,而聚乙烯塑料桶的影响不明显。塑     

青藏高原雪冰中碳质气溶胶含量变化

文中采用供氧两步加热的方法对过滤到石英膜上的雪冰中碳质气溶胶含量进行分析,其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)分别在340和650℃的条件下进行热解、氧化分离,生成的CO2转化成CH4并由气相色谱仪氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测其含量。空白测试表明,该系统的OC本底值为(0·50±0·04)(1σ)μgC,EC为(0·38±0·04)(1σ)μgC。利用这套分析系统对青藏高原8条冰川的34个雪冰和降水样品中OC和EC的含量进行了测试。结果表明,在青藏高原雪冰中OC和EC含量自东向西、自北向南呈明显的下降趋势(西昆仑除外)。在高原东北部EC的质量分数相对较高,平均为79·2ng·g-1;在喜马拉雅西段EC的质量分数最低,平均为4·3ng·g-1。在冰川表面,雪的融化使雪冰中碳质气溶胶聚集,并导致其含量明显升高,该过程降低了雪表面的反照率,加速了冰川的消融。     

喜马拉雅地区纳木那尼的化学离子特征

A 6-m ice core was recovered in 2004 from the Naimona＇Nyi Glacier, the middle Himalayas. Empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis on the major ion reveals that EOF1 represents the variations of majority of ions which may be originated from crustal aerosols. Comparing the calcium concentrations from the Naimona＇Nyi with these from Dasuopu, East Rongbuk and Guliya ice cores, it is observed that calcium, a good indicator of the input of crustal aerosol in snow, concentrates mostly in the Guliya ice core located on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and gradually decreases from west to east in the Himalayas.     

达索普冰芯中Pb记录反映的大气污染及其同位素证据

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）及相关的超净化技术,对希夏邦马峰达索普冰芯上部４０ｍ的样品中超痕量金属元素Ｐｂ的含量进行测试的结果显示,Ｐｂ的含量自冰芯下部至上部呈显著增长趋势。Ｐｂ同位素分析表明,＾２０６Ｐｂ＋＾２０７Ｐｂ自冰芯下部至上部增长,而＾２０８Ｐｂ则呈下降趋势。Ｐｂ同位素的这种富Ｕ铅、贫Ｔｈ铅的组成演化特征显示,这种增加主要来自人类活动而非自然源,这与研究区相邻的多数发展中国     

青藏高原达索普冰川浅孔冰芯中δ^18O值对大尺度海—气相互作用的响应

青藏高原达索普冰川浅孔冰芯中δ＾１８Ｏ值与大尺度海表面温度（ＳＳＴ）之间存在显著的相关关系,显著相关工主要分布在海洋的洋流区,不同海区ＳＳＴ通过对大气环流的作用影响 川的陈水和水汽来源,当大气环流呈出现有利于海洋水汽向青藏高原南部冰川输送的形势时,冰芯中δ＾１Ｏ值减小,当大气环流呈出现不利于海洋水汽却有利于内际水汽向青藏高原南部冰川输送的形势时,冰贳 中δ＾１８Ｏ值增大,相关分析表明,在诸多影响δ     

现代冰川中的微粒研究与气候环境变化

现代冰川雪冰中的微粒是重建过去气候环境变化的一项重要替代性指标。根据前人对极地冰盖和山地冰川冰芯及雪坑样品中的微粒粒径、矿物特征和含量变化等研究成果,讨论了微粒粒径变化,微粒与火山活动、大气气溶胶的关系,以及冰芯测年、微粒来源等相关分析,认为微粒中的代表性矿物、火山玻璃、粗糙系数和粒径分布可作为确定微粒源区的指标;微粒含量的变化与大气环流、气温高低及干湿程度密切相关,微粒含量的高值对应冷干气候,反之为暖湿;大气环流加强时,微粒含量增加,反之减少。微粒研究还能获得如火山活动、人类影响等特殊事件的信息。