Quasi-plane-hypothesis of strain coordination for RC beams seismically strengthened with externally-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

The application of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP),including carbon FRP and glass FRP,for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement(EBR) and near-surface mounted(NSM) strengthening techniques.This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods,including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP,to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam.Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP,the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis;that is,the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height(h 0) of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation:ε FRP =βε steel,and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.     

Sediment geochemical records of environmental change in Lake Wuliangsu, Yellow River Basin, north China

We present a paleolimnological record from shallow Lake Wuliangsu in the Yellow River Basin, north China, using a short (56 cm) sediment core. Our objective was to investigate environmental changes in this semi-arid region over the past ~150 years. The sediment core was dated using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb. We examined stratigraphic trends in core lithology, nutrients, stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and trace element concentrations in the Lake Wuliangsu core to discern between natural sediments and those affected by human agency. A lithologic transition from yellow, coarse-grained sediment to grey, fined-grained sediment marked the lake’s formation about 1860. Until ~1950, sediments displayed relatively low and constant heavy metal concentrations, indicating little human influence. In the 1950s, enrichment factors (EFs) increased, reflecting greater impact of human activities. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organic matter (OM), along with heavy metal concentrations, were used to infer past shifts in trophic state and identify pollutants that came from agriculture, industry and urbanization. In the late 1950s, the first evidence for environmental change is recorded by increases in total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN, EFs, δ¹³C and a decrease in δ¹⁵N. After about year 2000, a more rapid increase in trophic status occurred, as indicated by greater total phosphorus (TP), EFs, δ¹⁵N and lower δ¹³C values. Changes in isotope and TOC/TN values in the lake sediments may reflect a shift in lake ecology during this period. The first increase in trophic status during the late 1950s was mainly a result of agricultural development in the catchment. In contrast, the change after ca. AD 2000 was driven largely by urban and industrial development. Agreement between paleolimnologic data from Lake Wuliangsu, and both instrumental and written records, indicates that the lake sediments provide a reliable archive for investigating the formation and environmental history of the lake.     

河南省产业关联效应研究

运用2007年河南省和全国投入产出表基础数据,从纵横两个方面比较分析了河南省产业关联特征。研究结果表明:河南省农业前向、后向关联能力较强,基础地位突出;矿产资源采掘及加工业优势突出;制造业尤其是装备制造业辐射力不足,高端生产性服务业及公共服务业前向、后向关联效应较弱,服务消费不足;服务业增加值率较低,并且制造业对传统生产性服务业中间需求比重明显高于全国水平,而对高端生产性服务业的中间需求低于全国水平。     

城乡差距的核心-边缘模型分析

将地区划分为城区和农村两区域系统,构建一个综合考虑城乡劳动力迁移、环境污染、农业生产效率、城乡贸易和公共服务基础设施建设等诸因素的核心-边缘模型,以深入系统地考察城乡差距问题,对于解决现有城乡问题有着重要的理论和现实意义.研究表明:劳动力向城区迁移有助于提高城镇和农村居民的生活效用水平,并缩小城乡差距;环境污染物排放对居民生活造成负面影响,生产活动的集聚对城乡差距的影响取决于污染的危害程度;倘若农业生产的环境影响较小,农业生产效率的提高可以缩小城乡差距;城乡间交通基础设施建设、城区交通及通信设施建设和产业集聚等将提高城镇居民效用水平,拉大城乡差距.     

An environmental decision‐support system for the management of water pollution in a tidal river network

This paper is about the development of a decision‐support system for water‐pollution management and environmental planning. More specifically, the paper first presents the overall concept and the system architecture of a generic environmental decision‐support system (EDSS) and then develops an EDSS especially for analysing the tidal flow pattern and water quality of China's Pearl River Delta. The EDSS developed here employs the object‐oriented approach to design the environmental database and utilizes the system integration technology to develop the overall user‐friendly system that operates in the Windows environment. Furthermore, the system can be expanded to facilitate automated model selection and analysis. The EDSS should be of value for managing water quality of river networks with complicated flow patterns, such as that found in the Pearl River Delta.     

川东北下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒滩白云岩同位素地球化学特征*

川东北地区下三叠统飞仙关组为浅海碳酸盐岩夹泥页岩与蒸发岩序列,而在碳酸盐岩台地边缘通常发育一些白云石化的鲕粒滩。这些鲕粒滩白云岩储集层是川东北地区主要的产气层,一些学者认为该套白云岩为大气淡水与海水的混合水白云石化成因,另外一些学者将其视为回流—渗透白云石化成因。飞仙关组鲕粒滩白云岩稳定同位素氧值一般为-6.73‰～-3.65‰(PDB),平均值为-4.89‰(PDB)（罗家寨地区为-10.81‰(PDB)）,稳定同位素碳值一般为+0.57‰～+3.00‰(PDB)。对基质和孔洞中充填的鞍状白云石和亮晶白云石胶结物而言,稳定同位素⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.70735～0.70800。这些有关鲕粒滩白云岩的数据表明白云石化作用是在埋藏条件下进行的。在测定流体包裹体的均一化温度后,计算出白云石化流体稳定同位素氧成分(δ¹⁸O_白云石-δ¹⁸O_水=［3.2×10⁶ T^-2］-1.5,来自 Friedman 和 ONeil（1977）),其平均值约为+4‰(SMOW)。根据流体稳定同位素氧、碳成分与海水蒸发时流体盐度的正相关性,计算出流体δD平均值约为+25‰(SMOW)。流体包裹体盐度测定表明,白云石化流体是一种超盐度卤水,其盐度是海水的数倍,白云石化的温度为90～130℃。由于下三叠统鲕粒滩白云岩的稳定同位素氧和碳成分与上二叠统生物礁白云岩的稳定同位素氧和碳成分类似,因此,它们的白云石化流体很可能是同一来源。然而,这一结论还有待于进一步研究。     

漳州地热田基岩裂隙水系统温度分布特征

为研究漳州地热田基岩裂隙水系统温度分布特征,建立了新的三维基岩裂隙水系统概念模型,并利用Fluent软件求解模型。结果表明:基岩裂隙热水温度场受到断裂区的强烈控制,在北东—南西向断裂中,强烈对流形成的高温热柱刺穿了基岩顶部形成热田高温中心;基岩热流在断裂区中部高温区达到最大,在北东—南西方向上最大值为343.02mW/m2,在北西—南东方向最大值为368.72mW/m2,并向边缘逐渐降低;第四系孔隙水的存在和运动使得地表热流的最大值和局部值降低。未来漳州热田应加强深部温度的测量研究。     

Morphological, geochemical composition and origins of near-surface atmospheric dust in Changsha city of China

Near-surface atmospheric dust in Changsha city of China was analyzed in terms of morphological and geochemical composition. Morphological and chemical composition of the dust particles were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer. Results indicated that the atmospheric dusts were mainly composed of spherule, plate, irregularly shaped and agglomerate, which contains variable sizes and amounts of particles. The dust particles could be categorized into five groups based on their chemical characteristic: Al-, Si-, Ca-, C-rich particles and aggregate. These particles and aggregate could be directly related to nearby polluting activities, such as building construction, traffic emission and coal combustion. The X-ray diffraction results show that the main minerals for atmospheric dust are gypsum, quartz and calcite. Mica, halloysite, montmorillonite, hematite, brushite, zeolite, sepiolite, feldspar, alite, dickite, SiS₂, Fe₆(OH)₂CO₃, FeSO₄, CdSO₄, Pb(NO)₂O₃, Al₂SO₄(OH)₄, As₂O₃SO₃, (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄Cl, K(NH₄)·Ca(SO₄)₂·H₂O are also detected in samples. The identification of heavy metals shows that the concentrations of Cr (403.5?mg?kg^?1), Cu (126?mg?kg^?1), Zn (1541.5?mg?kg^?1), Cd (2.5?mg?kg^?1) and Pb (348?mg?kg^?1) in the atmospheric dust are much higher compared to background value of soil. It indicates that the heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the atmospheric dust is mainly due to human activities. The identification of main sources of atmospheric dust collected in typical areas can help to control the polluting sources in urban area.     

RECENT CHANGES OF SELECTED LAKE WATER RESOURCES IN ARID XINJIANG,NORTHWESTERN CHINA

新疆干旱区处于内陆腹地,降水稀少而蒸发量大,区内湖泊经长期自然演化后多为盐湖和咸水湖.近几十年来,在气候持续增暖和人类活动驱动下,湖泊波动变化频繁,对湖泊资源环境及其区域生态环境产生重大影响.本文通过新疆地区山地、平原等不同地貌单元的6个淡水和微咸水湖泊的水量、水质状况分析和对比研究,进行了近期湖泊水资源变化分析.研究表明,近十多年来,喀纳斯湖和赛里木湖等山地湖泊有一定的扩展,但湖泊的水量和水质没有明显的变化.博斯腾湖和柴窝堡湖等山前绿洲湖泊以及乌伦古湖和吉力湖等河流尾间湖泊总体收缩,水体咸化.湖泊的变化总体上是对区域气候变化的响应,但湖泊流域人类活动和湖盆形态特征等方面的不同,导致湖泊演化过程的空间差异.湖泊水质变化与湖泊水量变化具有明显的对应关系,湖泊水量增加水体淡化,反之咸化.近十多年来,山地湖泊赛里木湖和喀纳斯湖水质变化相对稳定,山前绿洲湖泊博斯腾湖和柴窝堡湖水质则持续恶化,而河流尾闾湖泊乌伦古湖和吉力湖水质变化波动较大,并从2008年开始逐渐好转,处于水化学类型易变的过渡阶段.     

活动构造对高原边界侵蚀速率空间分布的控制作用——以龙门山地区为例

利用穿过龙门山地区的河流水文与泥沙资料估算该地区现代侵蚀速率,进而研究探讨其空间分布的不均匀性.年代尺度的现代侵蚀速率空间分布表明,高侵蚀区分布于控制高原边界的龙门山活动断裂带和岷山活动断裂带附近且位于逆冲断裂上盘宽约50km范围内,其值达0.5～0.8mm/a.在地形上,该高侵蚀速率区对应于陡峭高原边界的地形陡坡带....