紫色丘陵区水土保持林低效化的土壤成因

四川盆地紫色丘陵区的水土保持林低效化问题已较严重。研究了其土壤方面的成因。通过对土壤构造、土壤肥力特性、土壤结构性评价等研究，指出该区人工林地的土壤构造发育不正常，土壤腐殖质胶体积累量低。土壤结构质量差等林地土壤退化是土壤水土保持功能降低的主要原因。根据研究的初步结果，提出了相应的对策建议。     

紫色丘陵区不同侵蚀沉积地段土壤结构特征

以中国科学院盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站小流域为例，研究不同土壤侵蚀沉积地段（斜坡和沟谷不同部位）的土壤结构特征，以了解侵蚀沉积对土壤结构的影响。结果表明，在植被覆盖较好的坡体顶部，土壤侵蚀较弱，团聚度达到30．1％，MWD变化为3．4mm，土壤结构良好；沟谷底部由于沉积而有较多细土物质并具有适宜的水分条件，有利于土壤团聚体的形成，结构状况亦较好，团聚度达到50．3％，结构保持率为35．4％；而坡腰侵蚀较严重，团聚度仅为13．6％，结构保持率为14．1％，土壤结构状况较差。     

Spectral Simulation and Conditioning to Local Continuity Trends in Geologic Modeling

Spectral simulation has gained application in building geologic models due to the advantage of better honoring the spatial continuity of petrophysical properties, such as reservoir porosity and shale volume. Distinct from sequential simulation methods, spectral simulation is a global algorithm in the sense that a global density spectrum is calculated once and the inverse Fourier transform is performed on the Fourier coefficient also only once to generate a simulation realization. The generated realizations honor the spatial continuity structure globally over the whole field instead of only within a search neighborhood, as with sequential simulation algorithms. However, the disadvantage of global spectral simulation is that it traditionally cannot account for the local information such as the local continuity trends, which are often observed in reservoirs and hence are important to be accounted for in geologic models. This disadvantage has limited wider application of spectral simulation in building geologic models. In this paper, we present ways of conditioning geologic models to the relevant local information. To account for the local continuity trends, we first scale different frequency components of the original model with local-amplitude spectrum ratios that are specific to the local trend. The sum of these scaled frequency components renders a new model that displays the desired local continuity trend. The implementation details of this new method are discussed and examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.     

中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）主孔地区岩石圈热结构

岩石圈热结构是指地球内部热量在壳幔的配分比例、温度以及热导率和生热率等热学参数在岩石圈中的分布特征。岩石圈的热结构直接影响着岩石的物理性质和流变学性质,同时还控制了化学反应的类型和速度,从而制约着岩石圈的发展和演化。本文在前人CCSD主孔岩石主、微量元素研究基础上,利用Rybach生热率公式计算了钻孔岩石的放射性生热率,并结合岩石热导率的测定研究了CCSD主孔100-2000m岩石的热结构和主孔榴辉岩在不同退变质程度下生热率、热导率的变化:钻孔中岩石的平均生热率为0.95μWm-3,平均热导率为2.96mWm-1K-1。,其中片麻岩生热率高迭1.01-1.7μWm-3,热导率为2.76-2.96mWm-1K-1;基性超基性岩石生热率最低(<0.21μWm-3),热导率则高达3.20mWm-1K-1以上;新鲜榴辉岩生热率、热导率居中,分剐为0.16-0.44μWm-3和3.31-3.85mWm-1K-1。钻孔中榴辉岩生热率、热导率变化主要受岩性控制:从新鲜榴辉岩到完全退变榴辉岩,热导率总体上降低,但从强退变榴辉岩到完全退变榴辉岩,岩石热导率升高;而在此过程中岩石生热率总体上升高,仅当从中等退变质榴辉岩退变为强退变质榴辉岩时,岩石生热率出现降低趋势。在综合研究的基础上预测CCSD主孔5000m深度处温度为139℃,温度范围为131-151℃。根据区域深部地球物理探测成果对CCSD主孔地区岩石圈热结构进行了研究:上地壳底部温度为256℃,中地壳底部温度为492℃,Moho面温度为683℃,岩石圈底部温度为1185℃,来自地幔的热流为44.1mWm-2,对地表热流的贡献率为58%。研究结果表明,由岩石物理方法获得的CCSD主孔地区岩石圈地温曲线与石榴石-二辉橄榄岩包体推断的中国东部地温曲线十分吻合,本文从实验岩石物理学角度为CCSD主孔地区岩石圈热结构研究提供了重要约束     

How Far Is Too Far? – A Statistical Approach to Context‐contingent Proximity Modeling

Proximity is a fundamental concept in any comprehensive ontology of space ( Worboys 2001 ). The provision of a context‐contingent translation mechanism between linguistic proximity measures (e.g. “near”, “far”) and metric distance measures is an important topic in current GIS research. After a discussion of context factors that mediate the relationship between linguistic and metric distance measures, we present a statistical approach, Ordered Logit Regression, to the context‐contingent proximity modeling. The approach can predict proximity given the corresponding metric distance and context variables. An empirical case study with human subjects is carried out using this statistical approach. Interpretation and predictive accuracy of the empirical case study are discussed.     

西北区东部一次暴雨的数值模拟试验

运用双向嵌套的中尺度数值预报模式MM5，对1998年7月上旬西北区东部一次暴雨过程进行了高分辨率数值模拟和敏感性试验。结果表明，该模式能较好地模拟这次暴雨过程，对这次暴雨过程相关的中尺度系统的发生发展也作出了较成功的模拟；大尺度及积云对流尺度的凝结潜热在降水过程中是一个主要因子，潜热释放将加热中高层大气，促使高层大气辐散，低层辐合，垂直运动加强，导致较大的降水；初始时刻不同地区低层大气水汽含量的多寡直接对本次暴雨产生影响，并为这次暴雨提供了水汽源；地面水汽和感热的垂直输送为暴雨的发生发展补充了能量。     

旅游信息系统建设模式探讨——以佛山市为例

作为当前旅游信息系统开发的两种主要基础平台，地理信息系统和多媒体制作系统都存在一定的缺陷。多媒体制作系统缺乏旅游地图的有效管理，空间查询，分析和统计功能，旅游地理信息系统则缺乏旅游信息的多媒体表达能力。从实用性和普及性出发，集合二者优点开发模式具有更大的推广应用价值。因此，论文提出在同一界面下基于GIS和多媒体集成的旅游信息系统开发模式；（1）在GIS中增加多媒体信息表达能力，以关系数据库为核心，把多媒体文件名信息存储在地理信息系统属性库，依靠多媒休段实现多媒体数据与地理信息系统图形和属性的关联，实现查询的基本概念；（2）在多媒体系统中开发部分GIS空间查询功能。以此思路，佛山科技学院GIS技术实验室利用VB进行GIS和多媒体二次开发，成功地完成了佛山旅游信息系统的设计和开发。     

腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被区生物土壤结皮对降水的拦截作用

在沙坡头人工植被区对人工模拟降水及天然降水后生物土壤结皮层含水率进行了动态定位监测,并分析了生物土壤结皮拦截降水的作用.结果表明:①生物土壤结皮的发育改变了原来沙丘剖面的水分分配格局,10%～40%的年降水量被拦截到结皮层;②随固沙年限的增加,生物土壤结皮的进一步发育和演变,其对降水的拦截能力也进一步提高;③生物土壤结皮对降水的拦截有明显的季节变化,7～10月份平均拦截雨量比4～6月份平均高出12%.     

Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.     

塔里木河近期水量调配基本问题探讨

在塔里木河近期水量调配中，引入生态用水观念，从生态经济社会协调和全流程生态用水均衡目标出发，运用系统均衡理论，分析了塔里木河近期水量调配的目标、思路和技术途径，提出了流程纵横向均衡目标、水量配置定额的总量和结构相结合控制、生态用水下泄定额“扣除法”与“倒推法”处理，水量配置定额在时间序列上的分解等观点和方法。