环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展与水环境质量协调度

解决好新疆环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展与水环境质量之间的关系，对"一带一路"倡议顺利实施及新疆社会稳定具有十分重要的作用。基于2004-2017年环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展与水环境变化状况，构建城市发展与水环境质量的综合评价模型及二者的协调度模型，以探讨环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展、水环境质量变化及二者的协调关系。结果表明：2004-2017年，（1）环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展综合指数呈现出逐年稳定上升的趋势，经济发展和城镇空间规模扩大是环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展的主要形式；（2）环塔里木盆地绿洲城市的水环境质量综合指数呈现出逐年降低的趋势，水环境质量形势严峻；（3）环塔里木盆地绿洲城市发展-水环境质量系统的协调度呈现倒U型的稳定发展趋势，但总体上两者的协调度较低，城市发展和水环境质量之间的矛盾日益突出。     

基于深度域地震成像的中沙海槽盆地东北部结构构造研究

文章基于叠前深度偏移地震成像分析, 结合前人重磁反演等地球物理资料成果, 对中沙海槽盆地东北部结构构造进行探索研究。研究表明: 中沙海槽盆地东北部发育新生代地层, 厚度在1500~2500m之间, 地层层速度为1500~ 3500m·s^-1, 不存在中生界沉积层, 盆地基底为海山或前寒武系基岩及岩浆岩隆起。中沙海槽盆地新生代陆源海相烃源岩丰富, 盆地新生界地层厚度大, 盆地凹陷、断裂发育, 具有一定的油气勘探潜力。     

甘肃酒泉荒漠戈壁灌木群落优势物种生态位特征

了解物种利用资源和占据生态空间的能力，对维持完善和科学保育荒漠戈壁植物群落的多样性具有重要意义。在综合反映各生态因子作用的群落类型和海拔梯度组合而成的两条资源轴上，测度分析了甘肃酒泉荒漠戈壁灌木群落主要优势种的生态位特征。结果表明：(1)在群落类型和海拔梯度两条资源轴上，红砂（Reaumuria songarica）、泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）和合头草（Sympegma regelii）的重要值和生态位宽度均较大，说明这些物种适应能力强,能够较好地利用环境资源，分布范围大，作为荒漠戈壁灌木群落中的广域种具有重要的生态地位和作用。(2)荒漠戈壁优势物种间的生态位重叠值多数较小，在群落类型和海拔梯度资源轴上生态位重叠值小于0.5的分别占总种对的62.63%和77.89%。生态位宽度大的物种之间一般生态位重叠值较高，物种利用资源能力强且存在竞争关系；然而，生态位宽度较小的物种与其他物种之间的生态位重叠程度较低，不同物种在环境资源的需求上产生互补，可以和谐共存；生态位宽度小的物种之间生态位重叠值仍较高，物种分布呈斑块现象；因此，生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间无显著相关性。(3)荒漠戈壁优势物种间总体表现为不显著的正关联，表明该植被群落结构及其物种之间处于稳定共存的状态。     

Species Diversity Characteristics of a Natural Pinus taiwanensis Community with Different Diameter Classes and Forest Densities

Pinus taiwanensis is a species endemic to China. This study selected four typical plots of Pinus taiwanensis in the natural secondary forest around Macheng City, in order to reveal the characteristics of and the relationships between different diameter classes (determined based on the diameter at breast height or DBH), forest densities and species diversity, as well as the similarities of species diversity of different plots within the community. The result showed that Pinus taiwanensis was the dominant species in the community. The ratio of Pinus taiwanensis trees of diameter class IV reached a peak of 19.46% of the total followed by diameter class VII at 18.92%. The study recorded 156 species of vascular plants from 130 genera of 71 families; Pinus taiwanensis was the dominant species in the community. When the forest density was 1200 trees ha ^-1 with the largest average diameter of DBH=36.779±4.444 cm, the diversity (Shannon index H'=1.6716) and the evenness (Pielou index E=0.6727) of the tree layer was the highest. When the forest density reached 1525 trees ha ^-1 with the lowest average diameter of DBH=18.957±5.141 cm, the richness (D_ma=5.4308), the diversity (H'=2.9612) and the evenness (E=0.8985) of all shrub layers climbed to the maximum. When the forest density was 1325 trees ha ^-1, the richness (D_ma=5.8132), the diversity (H'=3.0697) and the evenness (E=0.9025) of all herb layers peaked. In terms of vertical structure, the average diversity indexes were herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer. High canopy density weakened light intensity in the community, causing a reduction in the species diversities of herbs and shrubs. The average similarity coefficient between the sample plots was 0.3356, which was at the medium dissimilarity level. External disturbances and improper management were major contributors to the low species diversity of the community. The implementation of scientific management measures is urgently needed to optimize the forest structures of Pinus taiwanensis, create a benign community environment, and promote species diversities and establish a stable forest community structure.     

地理试题透视六大解题思维——以浙江省选考试题为例

思维是指人脑借助于语言对客观事物的概括和间接反应的过程,以感知为基础,又超越感知的界限,它探索与发现事物的内部本质联系和规律性,是认识过程的高级阶段。目前国内针对地理解题的思维研究相对较少,本文以浙江省历年选考地理试题为例,总结和提炼出六大解题思维,即:逆向思维、收支平衡思维、比较思维、发散思维、空间思维、辩证思维,旨在帮助学生掌握分析和解答地理问题的方法,从而有效提升高中地理学习和复习效果,增强学生学习地理的兴趣。同时在培养学生的地理解题思维过程中,落实地理学科核心素养的培育。     

南极罗斯海沉积物中可培养菌株的分离及胞外水解酶活性检测

研究了南极罗斯海地区沉积物中可培养微生物多样性,并检测了菌株胞外酶活性,为开发利用南极资源奠定基础。采用Zobell2216E培养基、土豆培养基(PDA)及稀释平板划线法分离并获得纯培养的细菌和真菌,分别通过16SrDNA、18S/ITS序列鉴定分析了可培养微生物的多样性和系统发育。从南极罗斯海沉积物样品中获得78株细菌和54株真菌,细菌、真菌的优势菌株分别为嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、枝孢属(Cladosporium);78株细菌菌株中有2株与模式菌株的16SrDNA基因序列相似性小于97%,可能是潜在的细菌新物种。细菌API20NE生理生化和真菌产胞外酶活性结果表明,获得的细菌和真菌大多数可检测到胞外水解酶活性。本研究丰富了南极可培养微生物资源,为南极罗斯海地区可培养微生物的多样性研究以及南极微生物资源的应用研究奠定了基础。     

Determination of the regional deformation rates of Shanghai and Kashima VLBI stations based on ITRF97

The vertical deformation rates (VDRs) and horizontal deformation rates (HDRs) of Shanghai VLBI station in China and Kashima and Kashima34 VLBI stations in Japan were re-analysed using the baseline length change rates from Shanghai to 13 global VLBI stations, and from Kashima to 27 stations and from Kashima34 to 12 stations, based on the NASA VLBI global solution glb1123 (Ma, 1999). The velocity vectors of the global VLBI stations were referred to the ITRF97 reference frame, and the Eulerian vectors of different models of plate motion were used for comparative solutions. The VDR of Shanghai station is estimated to be −1.91±0.56 mm/yr, and those of Kashima and Kashima34 stations, −3.72±0.74mm/yr and −8.81±0.84mm/yr, respectively. The difference between the last two was verified by further analysis. Similar estimates were also made for the Kokee, Kauai and MK_VLBA VLBI stations in mid-Pacific.     

青藏高原隆升的非线性动态有限元仿真研究

根据青藏高原的地质特征建立分析模型，采用3维动态有限元方法，在计算仿真板块速度场的基础上，计算在青藏高原的隆升过程中该地区地壳岩石的等效应力和位移随时间的变化，计算仿真得到的速度场与1998年GPS观测的速度场吻合良好；与过去一贯的假设相反，计算结果反映出地壳应力场不是静态的，而是此起彼伏，不断变化的，应力值最大且变化最剧烈的地区在克什米尔地区、鄂尔多斯地区和鲜水河－小江断裂带，与地震多发区域吻合。     

中国1∶100万景观生态制图设计

中国1∶100万景观生态图系借鉴国内外传统景观制图方法和制图规范,在遥感、地理信息系统先进技术的支持下,设计研制其制图方法、制图内容、样图和技术流程,同时提出初步的景观分类系统,为今后编制中国1∶100万景观生态图奠定基础。     

用C#.Net实现软件系统的动态更新

为了便于大型软件系统的后续开发和用户软件系统的升级，介绍了软件系统在Internet/Intranet上更新功能或数据的原理和方法，并用C#．Net进行了编程实现。