黔东南天柱-锦屏地区金矿床地球化学特征及成矿作用探讨

本文对黔东南天柱-锦屏地区新元古界浅变质岩系中金矿的含金建造、成矿物质来源、成矿作用进行了系统研究.认为:含金建造以陆源碎屑为主,富含玄武质火山碎屑,主要形成于氧化环境;经比较纯石英脉、含金石英脉、富含毒砂的含金石英脉,可知主要成矿元素在萃取围岩物质之前就有所富集,可能部分来源较深;含金石英脉元素含量特征表明成矿物质兼有深部和围岩两种来源;各矿区热液成矿元素的浓度克拉克值及对数正态分布曲线特征,揭示出它们都产生了矿化富集;综合矿床地球化学特征及野外调查资料,推测蚀变矿化类型有三种,即金矿化、毒砂化、铅锌矿化,三者可为伴生、叠加或独立三种关系.     

西藏班-怒结合带尕尔穷铜金矿床矽卡岩 矿物学特征及其地质意义

尕尔穷铜金矿床位于西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段,是该带上近年来取得重大勘查突破的矽卡岩(斑岩)型铜金矿床.矿区产出的矽卡岩为典型的钙质矽卡岩,其矽卡岩矿物主要由石榴子石、辉石、硅灰石、绿帘石、绿泥石、符山石、矽线石等组成.电子探针分析结果表明,矿区石榴子石主要为钙铁榴石和钙铝榴石,辉石主要为透辉石,绿泥石可见铁绿泥石及铁镁绿泥石两种.石榴子石成分剖面显示其矿物组分随着石榴子石环带的变化而变化,表明矿区矽卡岩不是在一个完全封闭的平衡条件下形成的,指示矿床形成过程中热液流体具有多期多阶段性.尕尔穷矿区矽卡岩具有良好的分带性,表现为从靠近岩体的深部到靠近围岩的浅部具有石榴子石-透辉石相→透辉石-硅灰石相→硅灰石-绿帘石绿泥石相的分带特征,并伴随一定的矿化组合.典型矽卡岩矿物端员组分的识别及其Fe2+/Fe3+的比值计算结果表明,尕尔穷矿床形成于相对氧化环境.辉石组分中Mn/Fe比值的特征表明尕尔穷矿区具有一定的寻找钼矿的潜力.     

Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Eolian Deposits in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province and the Implications for Provenance

In this study Chengdu Red Earth （CRE） from the Chengdu Plain （CP）,Sichuan province,was analyzed for its elemental （major and trace elements） and isotopic （Sm-Nd） geochemistry and compared with Pleistocene loess and paleosol samples from the Chinese Loess Plateau （CLP） in Northern China.The geochemical composition of CRE is similar to north China loess,and also resembles the average UCC.This indicates that CRE,as loess deposits in Northern China,was derived from well-mixed sedimentary protoliths that have undergone numerous upper crustal recycling processes.However,obvious differences in the geochemical characteristics of CRE and the north China loess are also revealed in our results.For chemically stable elements,CRE has higher Ti,Zr,Hf and lower ΣREE,Ba contents in comparison with loess samples from the CLP.Further analysis shows that CRE has higher TiO2/Al2O3,SiO2/Al2O3,Ba/Rb and lower Ce/Yb,Eu/Yb,LaN/YbN and ΣLREE/ ΣHREE ratios.In Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry,Sm and Nd content and the εNd（0） value in CRE are significantly higher than those in north China loess.The higher TiO2 content in CRE coincided with a high background concentration of Ti in the Sichuan Basin and the surrounding regions.The lower ΣREE and higher Sm,Nd,εNd（0） values are related to the wide distribution of basalt in the southwest Sichuan Basin.The elemental and isotopic geochemistry of CRE indicates that eolian materials in the CP predominantly come from the Sichuan Basin and the surrounding regions,which differs from loess deposits in the CLP.     

“余太翠”玉的成分及结构研究

“余太翠”玉因产于内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗大余太地区而得名。采用偏光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、电子探针等研究方法,对白色、绿色、黄色、紫色系列的“佘太翠”玉样品的矿物组成、化学成分、显微结构和呈色机理等进行了测试与研究。结果表明,“佘太翠”玉视颜色品种不同,组成矿物略有差异。除白色品种的“余太翠”玉以白云石（质量分数高于60％）为主要矿物外,其它颜色品种的均以石英为主要矿物,石英的质量分数约占80％以上。“佘太翠”玉的次要矿物主要有云母、方解石、长石、赤铁矿、叶蜡石、伊利石、高岭石等。绿色“佘太翠”玉在查尔斯滤色镜下变红,主要由铬云母致色,属东陵石;白色品种“佘太翠”玉为白云石玉,而黄色的及其它颜色的品种为石英岩玉。     

昌化田黄的矿物学特征及其与田黄的区别

对昌化田黄和田黄进行了红外光谱（IR）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）测试,以获得两者的矿物学和地球化学特征,并对比研究它们之间的差别.研究表明,昌化田黄主要由地开石或者高岭石组成,而田黄主要由地开石、珍珠陶石或者伊利石组成.田黄和昌化田黄样品中均可含有少量的硫磷铝锶矿.有的昌化田黄中存在微量明矾石,其石皮中含有微量石英.昌化田黄中的地开石晶体颗粒为自形半自形结构,集合体呈书本状叠置排列;田黄中的地开石大多为他形结构,晶体颗粒在三维空间无序堆叠.田黄中P,V,Cr,Ga和Sr元素的质量分数低于昌化田黄,而Rb元素的质量分数明显高于昌化田黄.V-Rb,Cr-Rb,Ga-Rb元素投点图可区分昌化田黄和田黄品种.另外,昌化田黄石皮中Mg,Cr,Fe和Sn元素的质量分数高于其石肉.昌化田黄和田黄皆为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损.昌化田黄比田黄的REE富集程度高.当所测主要矿物组成为非地开石,如珍珠陶石或者伊利石时,可能为田黄;如为高岭石时,可能为昌化田黄.当所测主要矿物组成为地开石时,两者皆有可能.矿物组成测试结合微量元素的质量分数和微形貌特征可对田黄和昌化田黄进行产地鉴别.     

河南卢氏八宝山花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征

河南省卢氏县八宝山岩体位于华北克拉通南缘东秦岭西段,岩体呈筒状,可能为古火山机构岩颈相的超浅成侵入体,成矿组合上为独特的以铁为主的多金属矿化。八宝山岩体边缘相为钾长花岗斑岩、中心相为黑云母二长花岗斑岩。二者的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄非常一致,分别为146.6±1.6Ma和145.9±1.9Ma,说明他们可能是同期岩浆侵入作用分异的产物。钾长花岗斑岩和黑云母二长花岗斑岩锆石Hf同位素组成特征也非常相似,εHf(t)值分别为-27.55～-20.71和-27.30～-21.90,tDM2值分别为1.80～2.93Ga和2.03～2.92Ga,表明该岩体的源区物质以壳源物质为主。综合分析表明,八宝山岩体可能是扬子俯冲陆壳部分熔融的作物,并可能混入少量的太华群和熊耳群的物质,其形成的地球动力学背景可能为俯冲碰撞后的伸展环境。     

科尔沁沙地土壤水分动态分析及其概率密度函数模拟

基于Laio土壤水分动态随机模型(Laio模型),利用2006-2010年5~9月土壤水分连续监测数据及日降水资料,分析科尔沁沙地固定沙丘和沙质草地生长季根系层土壤水分动态及其与降水格局的关系,研究点尺度土壤水分概率密度函数,并对Laio模型涉及的13个参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:① 研究区年降水的季节分配极不均匀,主要集中在4~10月的生长季,占全年降水量的93%;0~5 mm降水事件占全年降水事件的73%,但其降水量只占全年降水量的25%;降水间隔期以0~10 d为主,占全年无降水期的38%,其频数最高,占全年间隔期频数的87%。② 固定沙丘和沙质草地根系层厚度分别为0~100 cm和0~70 cm,沙质草地根系层土壤水分显著高于固定沙丘;两类沙地7月份的土壤水分都显著高于生长季其他月份。③ 两类沙地生长季根系层土壤水分均服从正态分布;通过Laio模型得到了两类沙地生长季根系层土壤水分概率密度函数p(s),其峰值及峰值出现的位置和峰的阔度均与观测结果很接近,说明Laio模型能对科尔沁沙地土壤水分概率密度函数进行较好的模拟。④ Laio模型涉及的13个参数中,对p(s)最为敏感的参数是降水频率λ、平均降水量α、最大蒸散量E_max、水分胁迫点s*和凋萎系数s_w,主要影响p(s)曲线的峰值。     

超空泡技术在反潜作战中的应用设想

随着反潜深度加大,反潜距离增加,当前反潜作战的难度越来越高.对反潜武器作战装备的发展现状进行了概述,分析了现有反潜作战样式的不足;阐述了超空泡武器的发展现状与优势,提出了应用超空泡技术,发展一种依托火炮平台发射超空泡反潜弹药的初步设想,并对超空泡反潜弹药的弹道性能进行了仿真计算,文末展望了该型反潜弹药的应用前景.