一种基于经验模态分解的SAR图像溢油识别算法

溢油事件的发生会给海洋环境的保护和经济发展带来巨大的影响。运用现代化的监测手段和技术进行监测,及时发现溢油现象和违规行为,保护海洋环境是非常重要的。合成孔径雷达（SAR）技术是溢油检测的有效工具,在SAR图像中溢油表现为黑色的区域,但是黑色区域也可能会由其他的因素引起。本文提出了一种基于二维经验模态分解（BEMD）的方法来识别溢油和疑似溢油。首先通过BEMD方法将感兴趣的区域分解为局部窄带的各分量—内蕴模函数（BIMF）之和,并对分解后得到的各分量IMF进行Hilbert变换,通过Hibert谱分析得到64维的特征空间,然后使用Relief方法得到5个特征向量,最后利用马氏距离分类器进行分类。通过实验结果表明,该方法能够有效、准确地检测出溢油,准确率超过90%。     

近千年来中国区域降水模拟与重建资料的对比分析

依据中国区域27年GPCP降水观测再分析资料、500年旱涝等级资料及近千年冰芯、树轮、湖芯等降水代用资料,对全球海气耦合气候模式ECHO G近千年积分模拟降水进行时空变化的对比分析,检验模式对中国地区降水的模拟性能。结果表明模拟降水较好体现了中国区域降水年平均和季节平均的分布型态,并在年代际变化上与历史记录一致。中国西部模拟降水呈现出与重建资料一致的准200年的百年际周期及20～30年左右的年代际周期,并与湖泊盐度的高低时段对应较好。总体而言,模式成功再现了观测及代用资料所体现的中国区域近千年降水的主要时空变化特征。EOF分析结果进一步揭示了3个不同气候特征时期模拟降水存在不同的区域分异特点。     

BP神经网络在古气候序列重建中的应用

当前小区域的古气候变化研究受模拟资料分辨率和可靠性的严重制约.为了将大区域的气候模拟资料应用到小区域的古气候研究中去,亟待建立有效的降尺度方法.为此以徽鄂地区为例,建立了一个3层BP神经网络拟合模型,利用相关气象要素作为拟合因子,拟合并重建了该地区近千年来1月、7月和年平均的温度和降水序列,通过与观测及模拟资料的对比分析发现,该模型拟合及重建的近千年气候序列有较高的精度和可靠性,能反映小区域气候的年际和年代际变化信号,提高了模拟资料对小区域气候变化的刻画能力.     

南极冰盖研究最新进展

南极冰盖是地球系统的重要组成部分,在全球气候系统中扮演着重要角色.通过对南极冰盖的研究将有助于了解其在全球气候系统中的作用,并为探讨全球气候过去、现在以及未来的演化提供支撑.总结分析了近年来南极冰盖研究的一些重要进展,并在此基础上对南极冰盖研究领域的一些主要结果、观测事实以及未来变化展开讨论,重点介绍南极物质平衡、冰芯研究、冰下水系统、冰盖数值模拟方面最近的进展,评述未来可能的研究方向和应该关注的问题.     

ESR Dating of the Evolution of the Shuanghu Basin in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The Shuanghu basin is a NE-trending rift basin bounded by NE-striking normal faults and NW-striking shear-extensional faults of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Four samples from calcite veins in marginal faults and one sample from mudstone (S-3) were collected for dating the evolution of the Shuanghu basin by using the ESR spectrograph of EXM-type. Ages were calculated according to the close-equilibrium model on the basis of the measured ESR signal spectra of samples, providing good chronological information. It is known from the ESR dating that the extensional faulting and rifting of the Shuanghu area began at 4.92 Ma B.P., followed by regional folding in 3.56-1.36 Ma, NW-striking faulting in 0.60 Ma and normal faulting in 0.024 Ma in the Shuanghu basin.     

Reservoir Potential of Silurian Carbonate Mud Mounds in the Southern Sichuan Basin, Central China

Lower Silurian mud mounds of the Shinuilan Formation, located in the southern Sichuan Basin, China, have developed in open shelf settings in deeper water than shallow-water reef-bearing limestones that occur in the region. An integration of the outcrop, drill data and seismic profiles show that contemporaneous faults have controlled the boundary and distribution of the sedimentary facies of Lower Silurian rocks in the southern Sichuan Basin. Mounds appear to have developed in the topographic lows formed by synsedimentary faulting, on the sheff of the Yangtze Platform. Average mound thickness is 20 m, maximum 35 m. Mounds are composed mainly of micrite, possibly microbially bound, and are overlain by shales. Mound tops are preferentially dolomitized, with the Mg^2＋ source probably from the clay content of the mound-top carbonate. Microfacies analysis and reconstruction of the diagenetic history reveal that the mound tops have higher porosity, and are gas targets; in contrast, mound cores and limbs show pores filled by three generations of calcite cement, and therefore have a low gas potential.     

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Multi-timescale variation of East Asian winter monsoon intensity and its relation with sea surface temperature during last millennium based on ECHO-G simulation

Based on the simulation results derived from ECHO-G global coupled climate model, several East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) indices are compared in order to choose the most suitable one for signaling the intensity of winter monsoon in the last millennium. The index I_shi, which is defined with normalized sea level pressure difference between sea and land in mid and low latitudes, is selected to describe the winter monsoon intensity variation owing to its better capability for reflecting the variation of winter monsoon subsystems, such as the continental high pressure, Aleutian low, East Asian major trough, westerly jet stream, and surface air temperature than the other indices examined. Wavelet analysis on index I_shi shows that the EAWM intensity is characterized by multi-timescale variation with inter-annual, decadal, inter-decadal and inter-centennial oscillations on the background of a slight descending trend. Correlation analysis between the EAWM index and sea surface temperature (SST) at various timescales reveals that the SST in mid-latitudes might provide the background of the EAWM strength changes above decadal timescales, and a negative-feedback process lasting for about two years is found between the EAWM intensity and the SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific. According to the correlation, the El Nino occurrence in the second-half of the year leads to weaker EAWM than normal in the following winter and the weakened EAWM corresponds to lower SST in eastern equatorial Pacific after about half a year, which will then strengthen the EAWM intensity in the next winter. It is a stable feedback process and its mechanism is discussed.     

冰雷达探测数据处理方法研究——以南极冰盖Dome A地区的数据处理为例

提出了冰雷达数据处理的流程,详细论述了冰雷达数据处理中常规修正的关键技术：静态校正、增益控制、带通滤波以及偏移处理等。以中国第24次南极科学考察（CHINARE 24）所获取的Dome A 地区30 km×30 km范围冰雷达原始数据处理作为实例,提取得到了该区域冰盖内部等时层埋深以及冰盖的冰厚数据。通过插值展现了冰盖等时层以及冰岩界面的三维空间形态。结合该区域ICESat冰盖表面高程数据,构建出了Dome A地区涵盖冰盖表面、冰盖等时层以及冰岩界面形态特征的三维模型。