福建省东部浅层地下水地球化学

本文对福建东部地区3.8万平方公里陆地浅层地下水(井水)1206件样品中19种元素的含量特征、元素间的相关关系、元素空间分布特点与地质背景的关系等方面进行了研究。研究表明,该地区浅层地下水中以Ba、Cl-、F-、Fe、Mn、Sr、Zn元素含量高、变化幅度大为显著特征;元素含量与pH没有明显的相关关系,Cl-、Sr、Co、Ni、Pb等元素间则具显著的正相关关系,Cl-具有决定性作用;地下水中元素的空间分布特征受地质背景及地理条件的制约。     

煤层气参数井绳索取心施工工艺

结合工程实例,介绍了煤层气参数井施工目的、技术要求、配套设备机具和相关施工工艺,总结了施工技术成果.     

新疆东天山葫芦岩体岩石学与地球化学研究

葫芦岩体位于康古尔—黄山韧性剪切带东段,地表出露面积0.75km²。主要岩石类型有辉长闪长岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩、橄揽岩。岩相之间多呈渐变过渡关系,局部也有侵入接触。主量元素化学组成基本上属拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石相对富集LREE、适度亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。岩浆演化过程中发生了较弱的同化混染作用。橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的主要机制。四件样品ε_Nd(t)值(＋6.4~+7.1),一件样品的ε_Sr(t)=+3.4,其余三件的ε_Sr(t)值(-10.1~-9.3),²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(18.091~18.513)、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(15.459~15.528)、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(37.526~38.126)。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素体系表明,源区软流圈来源的岩浆中混入了富集岩石圈地幔来源的岩浆。稀土元素地球化学证明,熔融作用发生于尖晶石稳定域内。由此可见,岩体是尖晶石稳定域内占主体的软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。     

加权核密度估计在洪水频率分析中的应用

本文引进加权核密度估计方法,研究洪水频率的分析计算;运用统计试验方法,同目前广泛认同的参数估计方法中线性矩法相比,结果表明:线性矩法及加权核密度估计法推求出的设计值的无偏性相当,但加权核密度估计方法的有效性较线性矩法好.最后还与普通的非参数密度函数估计方法对比,结果表明加权核密度估计方法推求出的设计值的无偏性及有效性都较好;尤其是有效性精度较高.因此,加权核密度估计是一种有应用和研究价值的方法.     

阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境

对阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的岩石学和地球化学的详细研究表明,该区辉绿岩墙群为拉斑系列岩石,其主量元素以中等TiO2(1.19%～1.59%)、高MgO(5.51%～7.88%)、贫K2O(0.04%～0.84%)和P2O5(0.10%～0.20%)、Na2OK2O为特征;高场强元素(HFSE)丰度特征显示其为E-MORB型或过渡型玄武岩质岩石;稀土元素总量相对较高,轻重稀土元素分馏不显著[(La/Yb)N=1.93～3.61,LREE/HREE=3.01～4.10],在球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈略富集型.结合玄武岩构造环境判别图解综合分析推测,它们可能形成于一种裂谷向MORB环境过渡的构造环境,即初始小洋盆构造环境.     

Diel Patterns in Chlorophyll <Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis> Specific Absorption Coefficient and Absorption Efficiency Factor of Picoplankton

Diel patterns in the chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of surface picoplankton, a*_pico (γ) (m²·[mg chlorophyll a]⁻¹), were studied at 7 stations under daily cycle of in situ light condition in the western subarctic Pacific and Japan Sea. All the data were normalized by dividing the anomaly with daily averaged a*_pico (γ). Opposite diel patterns were observed for the normalized a*_pico (443) and a*_pico (675) with maximum toward dawn or dusk and minimum toward midday at 4 stations under low-irradiance (LI) conditions and vice versa at 3 stations under high-irradiance (HI) conditions. The absorption efficiency factors at red absorption peak, Q _a (675), were determined by reconstruction with intracellular chlorophyll a concentration and cell diameter. The normalized Q _a (675) also showed diel pattern with maximum toward midday and minimum toward dawn or dusk under LI. The diel pattern in a*_pico (675) and Q _a (675) were primarily caused by changes in intracellular chlorophyll a concentration due to photoadaptation under LI. The diel pattern in a*_pico (443) was influenced by pigmentation, as recognized by blue to red ratio [a*_pico (443)/a*_pico (675)] under HI. This study proposed that the opposite diel pattern in a*_pico (γ) might occur for a wide range of algal species. The results presented here have important consequences for the interpretation of diel variations in optical properties observed in the open ocean.     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Flux Measurements over the Sea Surface by Eddy Correlation and Aerodynamic Techniques

The measurements of the vertical transport of CO₂ were carried out over the Sea of Japan using the specially designed pier of Kyoto University on September 20 to 22, 2000. CO₂ fluxes were measured by the eddy correlation and aerodynamic techniques. Both techniques showed comparable CO₂ fluxes during sea breeze conditions: −0.001 to −0.08 mg m⁻²s⁻¹ with the mean of −0.05 mg m⁻²s⁻¹. This means that the measuring site satisfies the fetch requirement for meteorological observations under sea breeze conditions. Moreover, the eddy diffusivity coefficient used in the aerodynamic technique is found to be consistent with the coefficient used in the eddy correlation technique. The present result leads us to conclude that the aerodynamic technique may be applicable to underway CO₂ flux measurements over the ocean and may be used in place of the bulk technique. The important point is the need to maintain a measuring accuracy of CO₂ concentration difference of the order of 0.1 ppmv on the research vessels or the buoys.     

Roles of Biogeochemical Processes in the Oceanic Carbon Cycle Described with a Simple Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Model

To evaluate the contribution of biogeochemical processes to the oceanic carbon cycle and to calculate the ratio of calcium carbonate to organic carbon downward export, we have incorporated biological and alkalinity pumps in the yoked high-latitude exchange/interior diffusion-advection (YOLDA) model. The biogeochemical processes are represented by four parameters. The values of the parameters are tuned so that the model can reproduce the observed phosphate and alkalinity distributions in each oceanic region. The sensitivity of the model to the biogeochemical parameters shows that biological production rates in the euphotic zone and decomposition depths of particulate matters significantly influence horizontal and vertical distributions of biogeochemical substances. The modeled vertical fluxes of particulate organic phosphorus and calcium carbonate are converted to vertical carbon fluxes by the biological pump and the alkalinity pump, respectively. The downward carbon flux from the surface layer to the deep layer in the entire region is estimated to be 3.36 PgC/yr, which consists of 2.93 PgC/yr from the biological pump and 0.43 PgC/yr from the alkalinity pump, which is consistent with previous studies. The modeled rain ratio is higher with depth and higher in the Pacific and Indian Oceans than in the Atlantic Ocean. The global rain ratio at the surface layer is calculated to be 0.14 to 0.15. This value lies between the lower and higher ends of the previous estimates, which range widely from 0.05 to 0.25. This study indicates that the rain ratio is unlikely to be higher than 0.15, at least in the surface waters.     

Long-Term Investigation of Spatio-Temporal Variations in Faunal Composition and Species Richness of Megabenthos in Ise Bay,Central Japan

Based on our long-term data from megabenthos sampling from 1993 to 2002 in Ise Bay, central Japan, we examined spatio-temporal variations in taxon composition, species richness and its distribution of megabenthos in the bay in relation to the occurrence of the oxygen-poor water (i.e. oxygen content less than 3 ppm) in bottom waters of the bay. A total of 261 species were identified including 6 cnidarians, 1 tentaculate, 5 annelids, 71 molluscs, 72 crustaceans, 16 echinoderms, 12 urochordates and 78 pisces. Of the most abundant 10 megabenthos species, the following 4 species of echinoderms made up more than the half of megabenthos biomass: Luidia quinaria, Echinocardium cordatum, Asterias amurensis and Astropecten scoparius. Species richness of megabenthos varied significantly between seasons and among stations. The severity and period of occurrence of the oxygen-poor water developing every summer play an important role in determining spatial distributions of species richness in the bay.