南沙珊湖礁生态系生物体中δ_(13C)的分布

1999年4月对南沙群岛海域珊湖礁生态系进行调查,采集了永暑礁和渚碧礁生态系统中不同营养级的生物样品,测定了它们的稳定同位素 13C的丰度δ13C,结果表明,永暑礁中的δ13C 沿着食物链有明显的增加趋势,渚碧礁则不明显.渚碧礁生态系中δ13C 的平均值为 -17.7‰,明显高于永暑礁( -19.5‰),这主要与生物种群的差异,纬度变化及环境因子有关。底栖性鱼类比游泳性鱼类的δ13C 相对高。对于肉食性的珊瑚礁鱼类来说,小型鱼类肌肉中的丰度要高于中型和大型鱼类,这可能是由于代谢反应差异引起的。作为代谢的主要器官肝脏对13C有更高的富集度。温度、生物合成以及初级消费者的食物是以C3 还是C4 植物为主对生物体内的δ13C 起决定作用。     

南黄海海域的海相地层含油气系统

南黄海海域油气勘探近40年成果证实,南黄海盆地与相邻的苏北盆地具有相似的发育历史。目前,苏北已在中、古生界近50口钻井中见到油气显示,其中在下三叠统青龙组和上石炭统船山组发现了大量油气显示,在盐城朱家墩发现源于中、古生界的再生气田,在黄桥镇苏174井志留系坟头组以及泥盆系五通组砂岩中钻遇液态CO2及轻质油,证明下扬子中、古生界存在油气生成和运聚的成藏过程,具有良好的油气勘探前景。     

Resources calculation of cobalt-rich crusts with the grid subdivision and integral method

On the basis of three geological models and several orebody boundaries,a method of grid subdivision and integral has been proposed to calculate and evaluate the resources of cobalt-rich crusts on the seamounts in the central Pacific Ocean.The formulas of this method are deduced and the interface of program module is designed.The method is carried out in the software "Auto mapping system of submarine topography and geomorphology MBChart".This method and program will possibly become a potential tool to calculate the resources of seamounts and determine the target diggings for China's next Five-year Plan.     

深水钻井中浅水流灾害问题及其地球物理识别技术

在深水钻井中,浅水流是一种常见的地质灾害。中国正在进行深水油气勘探,十分有必要开展这方面的地质灾害研究。介绍了浅水流的形成机制及地球物理特性。目前用于识别和预测浅水流的手段有测井和反射地震两大类方法。主要介绍了几种用于参数提取的地震反演方法,如传统Dix反演、叠后振幅反演、层析反演、叠前振幅反演等。     

罗非鱼、南美白对虾对重金属富集的研究

对广东省养殖的罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus及南美白对虾Litopeneaus vannamei体内Pb、Cd、Hg、As 4种重金属富集及分布状况进行研究。比较了不同规格罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内重金属差异。分析重金属在罗非鱼及南美白对虾不同部位的分布状况。结果表明,罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内Pb、Cd、Hg、As均有不同程度的检出,但含量均低于国家限定标准(NY5125-2002);其中Pb的含量最高,罗非鱼和南美白对虾体内Pb含量最高值分别为限量的39.32%和42.18%;重金属含量因其规格大小及部位而异,趋势为大规格样品重金属含量相对较高,重金属含量在罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内的增长情况与其体重具有正相关性;罗非鱼内脏重金属含量明显高于肌肉组织,虾头为虾重金属富集的主要部位。     

不同温度的有机溶剂分提对鯷鱼鱼油得率及脂肪酸组成的影响

讨论了不同温度的有机溶剂分级提取对鳀鱼鱼油得率、脂肪酸组成及EPA、DHA含量变化的影响。经15℃干法分级提取的液态鳀鱼鱼油,在设定的4种温度下,液态鳀鱼鱼油得率均随溶剂量的增加而提高;在相同溶剂量的情况下,随着分级提取温度的降低,液态鳀鱼鱼油得率呈下降的趋势。有机溶剂分级提取对14碳短碳链的饱和与不饱和脂肪酸及16碳、18碳的饱和脂肪酸的脱除效果是明显的,但对脱除20碳、22碳的长碳链饱和脂肪酸的效果不明显。在4种试验温度下,EPA和DHA的总量分别为29.88%、31.74%、35.27%和41.80%,高出美国阿拉斯佳深海鱼油对应总量(28.76%)的1.12%～13.04%。     

赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)精子超微结构及环境因子对精子活力的影响

为揭示赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构及环境因子对其精子活力的影响,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构,设置不同梯度的温度、盐度、pH值及不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂、MgCl₂、EDTANa₂溶液,探究这些因子对赤点石斑鱼精子活力的影响。结果表明:赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的结构特点是细胞核圆形或卵圆形,核内染色质致密,没有核泡(核空隙)。精子尾部细长,横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子对精子活力的影响表明,精子活力的适宜温度范围为23~31℃,27.5℃时精子寿命最长为37min;适宜的盐度范围为15~35,盐度15时精子寿命最长为50min;适宜的pH范围为7~9,pH为9时精子的运动时间最长为33min。赤点石斑鱼精子在EDTANa₂溶液中呈抑制状态,在400~700 mmol/L的NaCl溶液、400~600mmol/L的KCl溶液和500 mmol/L的CaCl₂溶液中精子均具有较好的活动能力。在MgCl₂溶液中赤点石斑鱼精子的活动能力不佳。赤点石斑鱼精子的最适温度范围与繁殖季节的最适水温范围符合,适宜盐度范围较广,对pH值的变化适应性较强。赤点石斑鱼精子在NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂溶液中活力较佳,在MgCl₂溶液和EDTANa₂溶液中呈抑制状态。     

Oral Appendage Structure and Feeding Habit of Spanish Mackerel in Qingdao Coastal Waters in Spring Fishing Season

Under the influences of environmental conditions spanish mackerel begins their spawning migration northward from the end of April to the beginning of May. One branch of the spawning population migirates through the northern part of the Huanghai Sea and enters the Bohai Sea, while the other approaches to the offshore area near Qingdao.     

On the Habit of Anadromous Juvenile Prawn

Anadromous migration of postlarva and juvenile prawn is one of its chief schooling characteristics in its life cycle. In order to look into the growth and feeding habits in relation with environmental factors, two experiments have been done. One is an investigation on the number of anadromous juvenile prawn. The other is on culturing juvenile prawns on salt pans. The results of these two experiments are summarized as follows:     

A Preliminary Study of Quantitative Distribution of Benthic Animals in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and Its Adiacent Waters

In October and November of 1977 and September and October of 1978,a quantitative survey of benthic animals was conducted in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and its adjacent waters(26°00'-34°00'N,124°00'-129°00'E,water depth 39-1550m),where 307 stations were dredged and 1200 samples collected.