一次渤海气旋发生的初步分析

一九七五年五月四日晨开始,在河北省东部、渤海海面、辽东半岛、山东半岛、黄海北部海面先后出现9—10级西北大风。掖县、羊角沟、招远、海阳、蓬莱等地区阵风达12级,并伴有阵性降雨过程。由于风的来势很猛,使沿海部分地区的人民生命财产受到了一定程度的损失。     

危害后季稻的秋季低温预报方法

本文以农谚为线索,采用多张概率图作为综合因子,用逐步回归的方法试作了危害后季稻的秋季低温预报指标,希望通过这些指标能比较早而准确地预报出秋季低温到来的迟早,供领导部门参考,以便采取措施,避免或减轻低温带来的危害。本指标已在实际中使用四年,预报与实况均符合,取得了一定的服务效果。     

宁夏盛夏大雨和暴雨时的气流分析

一个地方降水量的大小取决于潮湿空气的向上输送。气层的湿度大,上升速度大,降水强度就大,反之降水强度小。在作暴雨预报吋,除注意大形势的特点和几种天气系统与大雨和暴雨的关系外,还需要从引起降水的水汽垂直输送条件去考虑。去年我们同兄弟省(区)协作搞的高原低气压系统的研究中,也发现当高原有低气压系统移出并引起本区     

夏季青藏高原流场三维结构的模拟实验

本文用流体模拟实验的方法,研究了我国夏季青藏高原及邻近地区环流的三维结构和成因,主要结果为: 无转动因素时,高原加热作用能引起流体在低层径向地朝高原辐合,在高原上层放射状向周围辐散.高层辐散流体的一部分在高原内部开始下沉,形成高原上空的对流环,在有转动的实验中也观察到.辐散流体中还出现波动. 高原内部经常出现两个对流上升中心,中心附近的温度有较大脉动,两个对流上升区之间有时为下沉运动,构成高原内部独特的对流环. 通过高原中部的南北垂直剖面上,可观察到方向相反的两个对流环,流体在高原中部上升,在南北高原范围内下沉.在高原外部为高原加热引起的下沉运动. 实验表明,包括基本东西风和高原以外热源的环境背景条件,对高原流场有重要作用. 实验结果为解决夏季青藏高原环流的三维结构提供了依据,文中列举了一些说明的现象。     

广西天气分析

广西地处祖国南疆,属低纬地区,山丘起伏,地形复杂,天气多变,每年都有不同程度的灾害,给发展农业生产带来不利的影响。在“农业学大寨”、“工业学大庆”的运动中,我们在自治区党委的领导下,进一步明确了气候为农业服务的方向,天气预报为灾害性天气和农事活动关键性天气为主攻方向,开展气象科研,大搞业务基本建设,对广西的主要灾     

THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA—PART Ⅱ:ISPRM AND VSPRM2

Based on the practice of improved simultaneous physical retrieval model(ISPRM),in the lightof the functional analysis approach,the variational simultaneous physical retrieval model(VSPRM)has been developed.Its approximation of 1st degree is VSPRM1,which is identicalwith the ISPRM.Its approximation of 2nd degree is VSPRM2,more advanced than the VSPRM1.This paper has analyzed the function of VSPRM2,pointing out the potentiality of synergy retrievalof this model.Also,it has dealt with the problem of parameterization of water vapor's kernelfunctions and retrieval of water vapor remote sensing.Because of the characteristics of this strong ill posed inverse problem,prior information mustbe used wisely in order to get the accurate calculation of radiance R.In the previous paper,wediscussed how to build the best first guess field,the way to determine the P_s and to correct thecalculation of radiance.In this paper,we continue discussing in depth about the calculation oftransmittance,the determination of surface parameters and the selection for an optimumcombination of channels for the low-level sounding.The long-term experiment and comparison work under operational environment have shownthat the ISPRM is useful for retrieval of temperature and water vapor parameters over Chinaincluding the Tibetan Plateau,and it further proves the scientific nature of well-posed inversetheory.     

对地勘单位贯彻ISO9000《质量管理和质量保证》系列标准的几点认识

ISO9000系列标准是一套国际统一的质量管理标准,应用的主体内容是质量管理模式(质量体系)的建立与运行。其对地勘单位走向市场,到社会投标、承揽地勘项目,保证地勘工作成果质量,提高单位在地质市场中的信誉度具有十分重要的意义。     

Complementary Notes on a ‘Well-known’ Marine Heterotrichous Ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré-Fremiet, 1936 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

1　Introduction　Folliculina likeciliatesarecommonlyfoundinlit toralzonesandareeasilyrecognizedbytheirlargesi zesandspecialstructures (i.e.vase shapedloricaandperistomiallobe) .Tillnow ,dozensofspecieshavebeenreportedworldwide (Kahl,1 932 ;Faur啨Fremiet,1…     

Land cover change detection in West Jilin using ETM ＋ images

In order to assess the information content and accuracy of Landsat ETM digital images in land cover change detection,change-detection techniques of image differencing, normalized difference vegetation index,principal components analysis and tasseled-cap transformation were applied to yield 13 images. These images were thresholded into change and no change areas. The thresholded images were then checked in terms of various accuracies. The experiment results show that kappa coefficients of the 13 images range from 48.05-78.09. Different images do detect different types of changes. Images associated with changes in the near-inflared-reflectance or greenness detects crop-type changes and changes between vegetative and non-vegetative features. A unique means of using only Landsat imagery without reference data for the assessment of change in arid land are presented. Images of 12t June, 2000 and 2‘d June, 2002 are used to validate the means. Analyses of standard accuracy and spatial agreement are performed to compare the new images (hereafter called “change images” ) representing the change between the two dates. Spatial agreement evaluates the conformity in the classified “change pixels” and “no-change pixels” at the same location on different change images and comprehensively examines the different techniques. This method would enable authorities to monitor land degradation efficiently and aeculately.