Disturbances in an infinite slab due to torsional forces applied on a cylindrical cavity

Summary The paper deals with the disturbances in an infinite slab of finite thickness, the medium being homogeneous, isotropic and perfectly elastic.     

Correlation of atmospheric occurences over the United States with some physical and chemical parameters. Part III: Frequencies of precipitation

Summary Correlation between some physical and chemical variables, measured at 28 stations of the United States Weather Bureau Network, and seasonal and annual frequencies of precipitation, has been attempted with the aim of gaining insight into the bearing of such variables, on occurrence of precipitation. — Concurrent trends of frequencies with local temperature functions, altitude parameters, precipitable water vapour increments, and some chemical species have been found.Contribution of the «Centro Nucleazione Aerosoli» of the National Research Council of Italy, Via Vettore 4 (Monte Sacro),Roma.     

Equivalent thickness of the outer ionosphere obtained by evaluation of Faraday records

With an appropriate system of higher order approximations the Faraday-effect is calculated for instantaneous ionospheric models the data of which are derived from the results of vertical soundings. Only one parameter which corresponds to the thickness of the outer ionosphere is left open; it is determined by global comparison with simultaneous Faraday-observations of satellite emissions. The thickness parameter shows various forms of variation with latitude; an increase towards north is the rule for quiet daytime conditions. Comparison with local methods shows considerable differences due to the indetermination of the absolute number of rotations.     

Note on the propagation of waves from a spherical cavity in an infinite solid

Summary The present note, as its title implies, is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in an infinite elastic medium containing an initial magnetic field in the axial direction. The equations ofMaxwell, those of elasticity have been effectively made use of to solve the problem.     

IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING PROBLEM AREAS IN SOIL EROSION SURVEYS USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

Gully erosion has for many years been a problem in Rhodesia1s Tribal Trust Lands. This paper describes how Soil Conservation Service staff, with no previous ground knowledge of these areas, used good quality 1/25,000 scale aerial photographs to measure the extent of the gully erosion and to pinpoint erosion “black spots.” This enabled quick and reliable estimates of the cost of reclamation work to be made without the need for time-consuming field survey. The survey method discussed is capable of wide application wherever gully erosion occurs and needs to be brought under control.     

SUPER-WIDE ANGLE PHOTOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION WITH VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

Some of the advantages and disadvantages of super-wide angle photography are discussed. Special reference is made to photography of an area in Bechuanaland, when airborne profile recorder and horizon camera were used in conjunction with aerial photography. Data from these ancillary aids were used in the subsequent adjustment procedure. The paper concludes with an account of analytical bridging using super-wide angle photography and a monocomparator.     

Ion-exchange reactions on clay minerals and cation selective membrane properties as possible mechanisms of economic metal concentration

A series of exploratory experiments on the concentration of base metals through ion exchange reactions on clay minerals show promising results. The extraction of Pb, Zn and Cd from bentonite, illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite was successful and megascopic quantities of PbS, CdS and ZnS could be obtained at specific loci, depending essentially on the flow velocity, and the other cations present. These or similar exchange reactions are tentatively proposed as possible mechanisms of economic metal concentration during diagenesis.

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Zusammenfassung Es werden experimentelle Resultate zur Anreicherung von Schwermetallen durch Tonminerale (Montmorillonite, Illite und Kaolinite) mitgeteilt. Eine erste Anreicherung kann über den Kationenaustausch bewirkt werden. In dem darauffolgenden zweiten, sehr viel wirksameren Schritt werden die Schwermetallionen aus den Tonlagern extrahiert und in deren Nähe als schwerlösliche Sulfide oder Carbonate gefällt. Die Extraktion beruht darauf, daß Tonschichten als Kationen-permeable Membranen wirken können. Sie wird von der Art der Tonminerale und der Kationen, den Lösungsgenossen, den Konzentrationsverhältnissen, dem pH-Wert, der Reaktionstemperatur, dem Porenvolumen und der Porenverteilung im Sediment beeinflußt.

     

Climatic satellite monitoring of the external heat balance of the oceans and Black Sea

The long-wave outgoing radiation, effective cloudiness equal to the product of the total cloud amount by their optical density, and the sea-surface temperature determined from the satellites are used to determine the annual course of the components of external heat balance on the sea surface whose climatic anomalies, parallel with the meridional heat and water transfer in the ocean-atmosphere system, specify the intraannual and interannual large-scale variations of weather in different regions of the Earth. The development of these studies is connected with the progress of satellite hydrophysics because the data obtained from the space become sufficiently exact, regular, and global. The increase in the existing data array on the external heat balance of the oceans from ∼15–20 to 100 yr and more would promote the solution of the problem of oscillations of Earth's climate. We present examples of coordinated numerical analysis of the heat balance of the upper (0–100 m ) layer of the Black Sea performed on the basis of the shipborne and satellite data. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, pp. 59–75, November–December, 2007.