中条山地区铜矿壳源流体成矿：来自铜矿峪、胡家峪流体包裹体氦、氩同位素的证据

山西中条山地区是我国重要的铜成矿带,发育铜矿峪斑岩型铜矿和“胡(家峪) 篦(子沟)”型铜矿。本文对铜矿峪铜矿的黄铁矿和黄铜矿、胡家峪铜矿的黄铁矿开展了流体包裹体中的He、Ar同位素组成研究。铜矿峪黄铁矿、黄铜矿流体包裹体中的 4 He含量为46. 23×10 -8 ~1195. 75×10 -8 cm 3 STP/g, 3 He/ 4 He比值为0. 01~0. 06Ra, 40 Ar含量为1. 69×10 -8 ~74. 11×10 -8 cm 3 STP/g; 40 Ar/ 36 Ar为407~2327. 8。胡家峪黄铁矿流体包裹体中 4 He含量为314. 06×10 -8 ~3815. 87×10 -8 cm 3 STP/g; 3 He/ 4 He为0. 003~0. 014Ra , 40 Ar含量为25. 62×10 -8 ~761. 51×10 -8 cm 3 STP/g; 40 Ar/ 36 Ar 值为936. 1~4108. 6。中条山地区铜矿床 3 He/ 4 He值明显指示壳源He特征,铜矿峪、胡家峪样品中幔源He的含量介于0~0. 56%之间,幔源He对成矿的贡献可忽略不计。在成矿流体的 40 Ar/ 36 Ar- 3 He/ 4 He和 40 Ar*/ 4 He 3 He/ 4 He关系图解中所有样品均投点于壳源流体区域,显示Ar为地壳来源。因此,中条山地区大规模成矿作用以壳源流体成矿为主,并未发现幔源流体参与成矿的踪迹。     

兴海地区中高压混杂岩片的发现及其构造意义

分布于昆秦接合部—苦海—赛什塘构造混杂带中的混杂岩片,经历了中高压绿片岩相变质和同期强烈的韧性剪切变形,经推算其变质条件P=0.5～0.7GPa,T=400～450℃,地热梯度为16～22℃/Km,属不典型的中高压变质作用产物。经研究确定,物质沉积混杂的时代为P_1—P_2,变质变形作用时间为263～278Ma,经历最后一次变质并折返时间为220～279Ma,三个时期分别代表着本区经历的古特提斯洋壳俯冲、弧陆碰撞—陆内碰撞和陆内造山作用阶段。     

Heat Aggregation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rocks Resources in the Gonghe Basin,Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Hot dry rock (HDR) is an important geothermal resource and clean energy source that may play an increasingly important role in future energy management. High-temperature HDR resources were recently detected in deep regions of the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which led to a significant breakthrough in HDR resource exploration in China. This research analyzes the deep temperature distribution, radiogenic heat production, heat flow, and crustal thermal structure in the Qiaboqia Valley, Guide Plain, and Zhacanggou area of the Gonghe Basin based on geothermal exploration borehole logging data, rock thermophysical properties, and regional geophysical exploration data. The results are applied to discuss the heat accumulation mechanism of the HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin. The findings suggest that a low-velocity layer in the thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau provides the most important source of constant intracrustal heat for the formation of HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin, whereas crustal thickening redistributes the concentrated layer of radioactive elements, which compensates for the relatively low heat production of the basal granite and serves as an important supplement to the heat of the HDR resources. The negative effect is that the downward curvature of the lithospheric upper mantle caused by crustal thickening leads to a small mantle heat flow component. As a result, the heat flows in the Qiaboqia Valley and Guide Plain of the Gonghe Basin are 106.2 and 77.6 mW/m2, respectively, in which the crust-mantle heat flow ratio of the former is 3.12:1, indicating a notably anomalous intracrustal thermal structure. In contrast, the crust-mantle heat flow ratio in the Guide Plain is 1.84:1, which reflects a typical hot crust-cold mantle thermal structure. The Guide Plain and Zhacanggou area show the same increasing temperature trend with depth, which reflects that their geothermal backgrounds and deep high-temperature environments are similar. These results provide important insight on the heat source mechanism of HDR resource formation in the Tibetan Plateau and useful guidance for future HDR resource exploration projects and target sites selection in similar areas.     

青海省共和县恰卜恰干热岩体地热地质特征

基于地热地质、综合地球物理勘查成果等布孔依据,实施的GR1干热岩勘探孔位于共和县恰卜恰干热岩体中南部,是迄今我国钻遇地层温度最高的干热岩勘探孔,为我国首个EGS示范工程与科研试验平台建设奠定了基础。GR1孔测温结果表明,2500 m深处温度为150℃,进入干热岩段;终孔深度3705 m处的井底温度为236℃。2500~3705 m井段平均地温梯度为71.4℃/km,高于另3眼干热岩勘探孔;2800~3705 m井段地温梯度大于80℃/km,属中等品质以上干热岩。综合地球物理勘查与4眼干热岩勘探孔钻探结果表明,该干热岩体埋深2104.31~2500 m,面积246.90 km²;干热岩资源评价结果表明,3~5 km深度范围,100年内的潜在发电装机容量为3805.74 MW,以2%的采收率计,装机容量为76.11 MW;3~6 km潜在装机容量为7788.26 MW,以2%的采收率计,装机容量为155.77MW;3~7 km潜在装机容量为13639.25 MW,以2%的采收率计,装机容量为272.79 MW。     

浅析地热井施工中岩性识别与地层划分——以姚家园公园地热井为例

本文通过对姚家园公园地热井钻凿过程中所揭示岩性的现场编录,考虑地质历史时期的构造-岩浆活动,以实验室岩矿鉴定成果和测井曲线梯度电阻率、电位电阻率、放射性指标的变化为佐证,初步确定了揭露地层的地质年代。采用地质与钻探相互佐证的方法,证实姚家园地区地热勘查中岩性的确定、地层的划分是合理的。总结了地热井工程中地层和岩性识别的一般步骤:首先,对岩屑使用野外地质辨别方法,根据岩石色率、硬度、致密性、钻时效率曲线及钻进过程中泥浆的消耗情况对地层进行初步划分;其次,通过对地层分界面和关键点的岩屑取样进行实验室岩矿鉴定,为初步划分提供科学的证据;最后,根据测井曲线中的梯度电阻率,电位电阻率和放射性三项指标的实际变化情况与实验室岩矿鉴定成果的对比,划分出属于不同地质年代和不同岩性的地层。     

中国疫灾的时空分布变迁规律

中国历史上是一个多疫灾的国度,在770BC~AD1911年间,平均每四年就有一年发生疫灾。中国疫灾变化与气候变化关系密切,寒冷期往往为疫灾频繁期,温暖期往往为疫灾稀少期,气候越寒冷,疫灾越频繁,寒冷期越长,疫灾频繁期也越长;3~6世纪的魏晋南北朝寒冷期形成了第一个疫灾高峰,14~19世纪的明清小冰期形成了第二个疫灾高峰;3000年来,随着气候的趋干趋冷,中国疫灾频度也呈长期上升趋势。中国疫灾分布的总体特征是城市重于乡村,京畿地区、人口稠密地区、自然疫源地区、自然灾害频发区为疫灾多发区。区域开发过程和地表人文化过程对疫灾分布变迁趋势有重大影响,3000年来,中国疫灾分布区域有从黄河中下游向外扩展的趋势,重心区域有由北向南、由东向西迁移的趋势。