中国古代温泉旅游景观及其现代启示

温泉在我国古代被广泛用于观光、沐浴、保健等休闲娱乐活动。研究古代温泉旅游景观对现代温泉旅游开发、游览活动和旅游宣传,具有十分重要的借鉴意义。文章在梳理相关温泉史料的基础上,对古代温泉旅游景观的构成要素、形式和特征进行了分析,得出以下结论：古代温泉旅游景观包括单体与组合2种类型。温泉单体景观由泉源、汤涌、汤色、温泉生物等要素组成,属小尺度景观单元;组合景观是以温泉水体为核心和纽带,使水体、山石、建筑及植物与景观之间,通过穿插、渗透、映衬等形成复杂的组合关系。古代一些独特的温泉景观已成为地方名胜,与其他地方名胜形成“八景、十景、十二景”等地域组景,且以“八景”为主,均为四字句组景,并具温泉景观的观感艺术化、突显温泉景观的自然美的特点。古代温泉旅游景观的借鉴作用体现在温泉景区形象塑造、设施建造、活动内容设计、对外宣传等方面。     

中国古代温泉资源分布及其空间演化

以历代地理总志、正史地理志、地方志以及类书等所记载的温泉为数据来源,统计秦至南北朝、隋唐宋和明清时期温泉资源的数量,运用ArcGIS软件对温泉资源空间分布情况进行分析。结果表明：秦至南北朝时期的温泉共有47处,集中分布在黄河中游、晋东北与冀西交界区、长江中游、湘南粤北地区;隋唐宋时期的温泉有108处,主要分布在经济较发达区域,且分布重心南移;明清时期的温泉有419处,遍布全国,已基本与温泉客观分布地重合,且主要集中在山地丘陵地带。古代温泉资源的空间演化规律为：分布地由中原向四周扩展,分布重心东移南迁,南北、东西差异逐渐扩大。自然环境、社会需求、区域发展过程等是影响温泉资源空间分布变化的主要因素。     

湖北省百岁人口分布与长寿区自然环境背景

基于人口普查数据,运用ArcGIS 空间分析以及SPSS 数理统计方法,对湖北省百岁人口分布与相对长寿区的自然环境背景进行研究,结果表明：过去50 a 来,湖北省百岁人口数量不断增加,百岁人口比率不断提高,但其百岁人口总数在全国的占比一直低于人口总数的占比,百岁人口比率与全国平均水平的差距越来越大;县域百岁人口比率空间差异明显,鄂北岗地稳居前茅,鄂西南山地、江汉平原、鄂东南丘陵百岁人口比率增长相对迅速;百岁人口重心向东南迁移并向省域几何中心和总人口重心靠近。湖北省的相对长寿区包括29 个县域,主要分布在鄂北岗地和江汉平原外缘的平原丘陵交错带,其自然环境背景是：气候温和、夏无酷暑、冬无严寒、雨量适中、阳光充足、空气流动性好、海拔较低、地形平缓,土壤中富含钼、锰、锌等微量元素。     

Soil water dynamics and water balance on a tropical coral island

Understanding soil water dynamics and the water balance of tropical coral islands is important for the utilization and management of their limited freshwater resources, which is only from rainfall. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the influence of soil water on the water cycle of coral islands. Soil water dynamics and the water balance of Zhaoshu Island, Xisha Archipelago were thus investigated using soil moisture measurements and the Hydrus-1D model from October 2018 to September 2019. Over the study period, vegetation transpiration, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and storage in the vadose zone were approximately 196, 330, 365 and 20 mm, occupying 22%, 36%, 40% and 2% of annual rainfall total (911 mm), respectively. For the wet season (from May to October) these values became 75, 202, 455 and 40 mm, occupying 10%, 26% and 59% and 5% of the seasonal rainfall total (772 mm), respectively. During the dry season (from November to April), a dry soil layer between 40 and 120 cm depth of the soil profile was identified that prevented water exchange between the upper soil layers and the groundwater resulting in the development of deep roots so that vegetation could extract groundwater to supplement their water requirements. Vegetation not only consumes all dry season rainfall (140 mm) but extracts water deeply from groundwater (90 mm) as well as from the vadose layer (20 mm). As such, the vegetation appears to be groundwater-dependent ecosystems. The research results aid us to better understand the process of water dynamics on coral islands and to protect coral island ecosystems.     

海南小海潟湖沉积物地球化学揭示的近千年气候环境变化

对取自海南岛东部小海潟湖的柱状岩心（XH15-02）开展了年代学(²¹⁰Pb和AMS ¹⁴C)和常量/微量元素分析,在建立可靠年代模型的基础上,探讨了该潟湖沉积物地球化学元素及其比值的环境指示意义,进而揭示近千年来海南地区的气候环境变化历史。研究表明:（1）小海潟湖沉积物地球化学元素比值（Al/Ca、Mg/Ca、K/Ca、Fe/Ca、Ti/Ca）主要反映了近千年来海南地区的降水变化历史,具体表现在中世纪暖期（870～1100AD）海南地区的降水较少,而小冰期降水波动较为明显,总体上较中世纪暖期降水偏多,这可能与近千年来热带辐合带的南北移动以及西太平洋暖池海表温度变化有关;（2）结合史料文献中有关“飓风”、“飚风”等记载,从小海潟湖沉积物地球化学元素及其比值序列中共识别出8次强台风事件,为当前全球变暖背景下我国热带地区台风活动趋势预测提供了参考和科学依据。     

2000年来中国瘴病分布变迁的初步研究

中国古籍里所说的瘴病主要是指恶性疟疾一类的传染病,它主要发生在热湿的气候环境和夏秋季节。2000年来,由于人为的作用和气候的变迁,其主要分布范围具有逐渐南移的趋势:战国西汉时期以秦岭淮河为北界;隋唐五代时期以大巴山长江为北界;明清时期则以南岭为北界。历史时期瘴病的流行,是导致瘴病分布区域社会经济发展相对缓慢的重要因素之一。     

均生函数模型预报检验

通过对均生函数时间序列模型所作多种类型的预报进行检验发现,均生函数模型不但对观测统计值（如年、月平均值）而且对瞬时观测值（如最高气温）也有很好的效果;不但对平稳变化（如温度）而且对急剧起伏量（如太阳黑子）也有令人满意的结果。文中同时提出了改进均生函数模型的方法。     

Distribution, isotopic variation and origin of sulfur in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

This paper describes coal petrographic characteristics, sulfur abundance, distribution and isotopic signature in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Petrographic studies suggest that depositional environment influences petrographic composition. The No. 9 and No. 10 coal seams, which are thought to have formed on a tidal delta plain, have high collodetrinite contents (up to 66.1%) indicating enhanced gelification and bacteria activity during coal accumulation, and also have the highest sulfur content (3.46% and 3.42%). Both organic and pyritic sulfur isotope values (−12.3‰ to 5.8‰ and −18.7‰ to 1.1‰, respectively) are variable and generally tend to be more negative in high-sulfur coals than those in low-sulfur coals in the Wuda coalfield. The negative sulfur isotope values indicate that a large portion of sulfur in the high-sulfur coals has a bacterial origin. Sulfur isotopic compositions and variations within the section were used to propose a model to explain the origin of sulfur in these coals. The presence of pyritized rod-like bacteria, cyanophyte's gelatinous sheaths and degraded algae organic matter suggests that bacteria, and perhaps algae, may play an important role in the formation of these high-sulfur coals.     

2020年湖南省COVID-19疫情的地理学分析

以发病数和发病率为依据,利用ArcGIS 10.3软件和地理探测器,探究湖南省2020-01-21—02-28间COVID-19疫情的时空变化及其影响因素,结果显示：1）疫情演变具有时序阶段性。湖南省COVID-19流行过程可分为扩散期—鼎盛期—衰减期—消亡期4个阶段;所有发病县区中84.47%的首发病例为武汉输入。2）疫情传播具有交通依赖性。确诊患者和高发病率地区集中在铁路干线附近,“地级市早发、主城区多发”特征明显。3）疫情程度具有距离衰减性。邻近武汉的湘中、湘北、湘东北地区发病数和发病率最高。4）疫情分布具有空间集聚性。发病数和发病率集聚水平先增大后保持高位,疫情热点区位于长株潭及岳阳市,冷点区位于湘西州。5）疫情流行具有因子交互性。无风、寒冷、干燥的天气更利于疫情传播;人口密度、路网密度和GDP是影响疫情空间分异的主要因素;自然因子与社会因子的交互作用最强。6）影响因子具有空间异质性。空间距离、人口密度对发病数和发病率两者的影响都有空间异质性,空间距离对湘东北地区疫情的影响最大,人口密度对湘西北、湘北地区疫情的影响最大;人口流动性、卫技人员数仅对发病数的影响有空间异质性,人口流动性的影响程度由北向南递减,卫技人员数的影响程度以长株潭城市群为核心向外围圈层递减。     

Object tracking in surveillance video based on Siamese network considering geographical spatiotemporal constraints

Identifying and tracking objects in surveillance videos is an important means of mining information during surveillance. Currently, most object-tracking methods rely only on image features, which cannot accurately express the motion of the tracked object in real geographical scenes and are easily influenced by occlusion and surrounding objects having similar features. However, tracked objects, such as pedestrians and vehicles, usually move in geographical space with fixed patterns of motion, and the motion in a short time is constrained by geographical space and time, the motion trajectory is predictable, and the range of motion is limited. Therefore, based on the SiamFC object tracking framework, this study introduces geographical spatiotemporal constraints into the tracking framework and proposes the GeoSiamFC method. The objective of this is to: (1) construct the mapping relationship between geographical space and image space to solve the problem that the pixel movement within the image after perspective imaging cannot accurately express the motion of the tracked object in a real geographical scene; (2) add candidate search areas according to the predicted trajectory location to correct the tracking errors caused by the occlusion of the object; and (3) focus on the search for the range of motion of the mapped pixel within the image space according to the limited geographical range of motion of the tracked objects in a certain time to reduce the interference of similar objects within the search area. In this study, separate experiments were conducted on a common test dataset using multiple methods to deal with challenges such as occlusion and illumination changes. In addition, a robust test dataset with noise addition and luminance adjustment based on the common test dataset was used. The results show that GeoSiamFC outperforms other object-tracking methods in the common test dataset with a precision score of 0.995 and a success score of 0.756 compared with most other object-tracking algorithms under the base condition of using only shallow networks. Moreover, GeoSiamFC maintained the highest precision score (0.970) and high success score (0.734) in the more challenging robust test dataset as well. The tracking speed of 59 frames per second far exceeds the real-time requirement of 25 FPS. Geographical spatiotemporal constraints were considered to improve tracker performance while providing real-time feedback on the motion trajectory of the target in geographical space. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for real-time tracking of the motion trajectory of a target in real geographical scenes in various surveillance videos.