Diamond Discovered in Dangqiong Ophiolite, Western Yarlung-Zangbu Suture Zone, Tibet

<正>The first diamonds from ophiolite were found in peridotite of Luobusa ophiolite along Yarlung Zangbu suture zone in Tibet,China(IGCAGS,1981),and then more and more diamonds found in harzgurgite(Bai et al.,1993;Yang et al.,2007a;Robinson et al.,2014;Xu et al.,     

黄土高原西部地区黄土地层有机质主要来源分析*

黄土有机质的主要来源是决定其稳定碳同位素(δ13Corg.)能否应用于重建过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及相应的古气候变化的关键基础科学问题.如若黄土地层当中的有机质主要由粉尘携带而来,而非当地植被,显然其δ13Corg.不是一个局地植被过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及古气候变化的良好指示器.本文对黄土高原西部地区(六盘山以西)新获得和已发表的相关数据进行综合分析,尝试对该地区黄土有机质的主要来源进行定量的分析.结果表明,总体而言,该地区黄土地层有机质主要来源于当地植被,由粉尘携带而来的有机质贡献量不超过8％,所造成的有机碳同位素变化幅度不超过1.7‰.这些结果说明该地区的黄土地层有机质δ13Corg.是可以用来重建过去C3/C4植物相对丰度及相应的古气候变化的.为了更精确的重建,后续的工作应当更多考虑粉尘搬运过程当中的有机质输入以及粉尘沉积之后的微生物活动的可能潜在影响.     

元胞自动机最短路径算法优化

概括了当前GIS中最短路径算法,分析了元胞自动机在最短路径分析算法中的原理及应用现状,并从两个方面对基于元胞自动机的最短路径算法进行优化即直线优化的元胞自动机最短路径算法。(1)将A*算法中的启发函数引入元胞自动机模型,提出了直线优化元胞自动机最短路径模型;(2)考虑道路网特征对最短路径算法的影响,得出具有道路网自适应性的最短路径分析模型。最后选取不同形态特征的shp道路网数据,验证了优化算法在实际应用中的适用性和高效性。     

矢量河网渐进式传输的多尺度表达模型

矢量河网数据渐进式传输是制图综合的逆过程,从几何特征出发化简曲线的方法忽略了曲线的形态特征。鉴于此,以曲线轴线为基准,基于曲线弯曲层次化提取河流曲线数据,并将提取的曲线数据分层组织,构建结合目标层和几何细节层的河网多尺度表达模型。基于该模型开发了矢量河网数据的渐进式传输系统,验证了该方法的有效性。     

中国地球气候系统模式的发展及其模拟和预估

地球气候系统模式是开展多学科、多圈层集成研究的重要平台,其发展是国际地学领域特别是全球变化领域竞争的前沿。中国的地球气候系统模式研发工作始于20世纪80年代,最近10年得到快速发展。研发格局上已经形成中国科学院、有关部委和高校三足鼎立的局面。文中在简要回顾中国地球气候系统模式早期发展历史的基础上,总结了中国参加第6次耦合模式比较计划的9个地球气候系统模式的技术特点,初步评估了中国4个模式对全球和东亚气候模拟的基本性能,分析了其在4种共享社会经济路径情景下对全球降水与温度的预估变化及其与平衡态气候敏感度的联系。最后,结合国际态势,从发展的角度提出未来中国气候模式研发工作需要加强的8个方向。      

Ensemble data assimilation in a simple coupled climate model: The role of ocean-atmosphere interaction

A conceptual coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to study coupled ensemble data assimilation schemes with a focus on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the assimilation. The optimal scheme was the fully coupled data assimilation scheme that employs the coupled covariance matrix and assimilates observations in both the atmosphere and ocean. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability that captures the temporal fluctuation of the weather noise was found to be critical for the estimation of not only the atmospheric, but also oceanic states. The synoptic atmosphere observation was especially important in the mid-latitude system, where oceanic variability is driven by weather noise. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability in the coupled model improved the atmospheric variability in the analysis and the subsequent forecasts, reducing error in the surface forcing and, in turn, in the ocean state. Atmospheric observation was able to further improve the oceanic state estimation directly through the coupled covariance between the atmosphere and ocean states. Relative to the mid-latitude system, the tropical system was influenced more by ocean-atmosphere interaction and, thus, the assimilation of oceanic observation becomes more important for the estimation of the ocean and atmosphere.     

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China＇s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas ——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called ＂transforming heaven and earth＂ that had been practiced in Southwest China＇s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agricultural development. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.     

线要素多尺度表达的一种新方法

本文依据多比例尺条件下矢量数据的绘制原理,提出了多尺度线化简与线选取方法。多尺度线化简算法依比例尺将空间坐标转换为像素坐标,根据像素坐标删除曲线中重合点与共线点,综合后的曲线与原始曲线在各比例尺下绘制结果相同;多尺度线选取算法利用仿射变换结果快速计算线要素之间的连通关系,然后渐进删除长度小于阈值的悬线与孤立弧段,保持了线要素的连通性。对不同类型数据的实验验证了本文算法的有效性和可行性。     

福建中亚热带天然阔叶用材林择伐技术Ⅰ.基于树种特征的目标树种清单

依据树种的最大直径、干形、枝下高、生长快慢、木材价值、保护等级等6个重要特征指标,参照各指标的标准,筛选出福建中亚热带天然阔叶用材林目标树种,共计26科62属79种,其中针叶树种15种、阔叶树种64种,优质目标树种39种、良好目标树种29种、特殊目标树种11种。     

安徽省池州市2001～2010年可持续发展动态测度与分析

安徽池州市是国家首个生态经济示范区,近十年来,城镇化、工业化水平的快速提升加剧了其发展的风险性和不稳定性,可持续发展面临较大挑战。基于生态足迹模型,对池州市2001～2010年生态足迹供给与需求进行了时间序列测度与分析,利用灰色GM(1,1)模型对2015年、2020年人均生态足迹进行了预测。结果表明:池州市人均生态足迹由2001年的1.2458hm²/人上升至2010年的2.2483hm²/人,年平均增长11.14%,人均生态赤字由0.8445hm²/人扩大至2010年的1.8266hm²/人;居民消费水平、能源消费量与人均生态足迹相关系数分别为0.844、0.945,为生态足迹驱动因素;研究时段内,能源生态足迹年均增长速度为83.75%,明显快于生物资源生态足迹增长速度;万元GDP生态足迹由2001年的2.98hm²/万元下降至2010年的1.20hm²/万元。预测2015年人均生态足迹为3.2336hm²/人,生态赤字将增至2.7926hm²/人;2020年人均生态足迹为4.4896hm²/人,生态赤字将扩大到4.0308hm²/人。针对池州生态不安全的现状,从减少能源消费、改变消费方式、提高农作物单产等方面提出了减少生态足迹的政策建议。