曹妃甸近岸及周边海区碎屑矿物组成特征及其环境意义

为探讨曹妃甸近岸及周边海区沉积物碎屑矿物组成特征以及曹妃甸大规模围填海工程对其影响,作者对2013年10月采自曹妃甸及周边海区的表层沉积物样品采用轻重矿物分离的方法进行了鉴定。结果表明:大规模围填海工程在改变曹妃甸岸线形态的同时也改变了其冲淤环境,使得碎屑矿物组分在大规模围填海前后发生一定变化。研究区的沉积物整体以轻矿物为主,平均含量为97.83%,其中曹妃甸近岸平均含量为95.57%;重矿物平均含量为2.17%,其中曹妃甸近岸平均含量为4.43%。研究区的重矿物优势矿物主要有普通角闪石、绿帘石和自生黄铁矿,其中普通角闪石所占比例在曹妃甸近岸达到最高值(36.41%);轻矿物的优势矿物主要有石英、斜长石和风化碎屑,其中石英所占比例也在曹妃甸近岸达到最高值(62.72%)。研究发现,曹妃甸近岸沉积物碎屑矿物相对含量增加而重矿物基本不变,这在一定程度上揭示了大规模人工围填海工程对曹妃甸近岸及周边海区沉积环境的影响。     

国产抛弃式温度剖面仪(XBT)资料质量分析

国家海洋技术中心根据科研需求研发了抛弃式温度剖面仪(XBT)等一系列抛弃式产品.针对2014年8月份在西太平洋海域投放的XBT和XCTD所获取的温度数据进行对比分析,单剖面结果显示两者相关系数达到了0.95,在温跃层处出现温度差,断面标准差分析结果为200 m以上温跃层处较大而200m以下标准差较小,最大和最小标准差值分别为0.39和0.08.温度断面分析结果显示两者在同样的位置出现等值线的凹凸现象,对大洋水团特殊物理海洋现象描述基本一致.分析温跃层处两者温度存在偏差的原因有3个:不同传感器的不同响应时间引起的误差、深度测量公式的误差以及传感器本身的测量误差影响.国产XBT的数据质量较好,总体上性能能满足对环境复杂海域的快速走航观测,数据质量准确度和可靠性都较好.     

唐山市海岛岸滩旅游环境质量评价

海滩作为宝贵的滨海旅游资源,其质量问题越来越受到关注,海滩质量评价不仅能为海滩使用者提供帮助,也为提高旅游海滩质量提供指导方法。唐山市砂质岸滩资源丰富,岸线总长度约50 km,几乎全部位于海岛,砂质细腻。参考国内外质量评价标准,选取25个评价因子(自然因子12个,社会因子13个)对唐山市海滩进行评价,综合来看,海滩质量以祥云岛最好,龙岛次之,其余海岛均表现为一般。     

柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系页岩气地质条件

侏罗系泥页岩是柴达木盆地的主力烃源岩之一,具备形成页岩油气的地质条件。对采自柴北缘鱼卡、大煤沟、小煤沟、开源、绿草沟、大头羊等煤矿附近地表露头的11块中侏罗统泥页岩样品进行单样品多参数实验分析,探讨了陆相页岩有机地化、储层物性、含气量等参数之间的关系,建立了页岩气资源评价参数体系。结果表明,柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗世处于浅湖-半深湖湖相沉积,断裂较发育,泥页岩富含有机质,具有低孔、低渗、低熟、较高含气量等特点,具备形成页岩油气的地质条件,进一步的勘查开发需优选地层压力系数高、保存条件较好、脆性矿物含量高的页岩气甜点区。     

海洋磁力仪性能指标分析与测试

海洋磁力仪性能测试和评价是海洋磁力测量前期技术准备的重要内容,也是当前海洋磁力测量规范要求的薄弱环节。研究了海洋磁力仪的性能指标的具体含义,提出了切合实际的海洋磁力仪性能指标测试内容、流程、方法和要求,采用G-882G SX海洋磁力梯度仪实测数据,计算了海洋磁力仪动态噪声、内符合精度和外符合精度等关键指标,为海洋磁力仪性能测试工作提供了技术指导,也为海洋磁力仪国产化中面临的性能指标论证和设计提供了依据。     

Metallogenic Mechanism and Tectonic Setting of Tungsten Mineralization in the Yangbishan Deposit in Northeastern China

The Yangbishan iron–tungsten deposit in the Shuangyashan area of Heilongjiang Province is located in the center of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China. The rare earth element and trace element compositions of the scheelite show that it formed in a reducing environment and inherited the rare earth element features of the ore-forming fluid. The geochemical characteristics of the gneissic granite associated with the tungsten mineralization show that the magma formed in this reducing environment and originated from the partial melting of metamorphosed shale that contained organic carbon and was enriched with tungsten. In addition, in situ Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from the gneissic granite indicates that they probably originated from the partial melting of a predominantly Paleo–Mesoproterozoic crustal source. According to LA-ICP-MS zircon dating, the Yangbishan orerelated gneissic granite has an Early Paleozoic crystallization age of 520.6 ± 2.8 Ma. This study, together with previous data, indicates that the massifs of northeastern China, including Erguna, Xing'an, Songliao, Jiamusi, and Khanka massifs, belonged to an orogenic belt that existed along the southern margin of the Siberian Craton during the late Pan-African period. The significant continental movements of this orogeny resulted in widespread magmatic activity in northeastern China from 530 Ma to 470 Ma under a tectonic setting that transitioned from compressional syn-collision to extensional postcollision.     

Tectono–Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen–Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R_0% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R_0) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(K_1 b) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(K_1 s) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.     

湖北建始地区志留系钻获致密砂岩气和页岩气

正1研究目的(Objective)勘探实践证明,志留系是我国目前最为有利、最有前景的页岩气勘探开发层系,已在四川盆地的涪陵、长宁—威远等地区取得了页岩气重大突破,进入商业开发阶段。基础地质调查表明,四川盆地周缘地区志留系黑色页岩发育,尤其是鄂西—渝东北地区,志留系底部龙马溪组富含笔石黑色页岩发育,厚度大,页岩有机质丰度高,生烃潜力大。20世纪80年代以来,中石化、中石油实施的常规油气钻井,在志留系龙马溪组均见到了不同程度的页岩气显示,展示了其     

贵州省都匀市滑坡易发性评价研究

都匀市是贵州省城镇滑坡地质灾害多发频发区。文章以都匀市沙包堡镇为研究区,采用栅格单元提取高程、坡度、岩性、水系等9项致灾因子,分别使用都基于数学统计模型的定量分析方法（二元逻辑回归模型、信息量模型）和定性分析方法（层次分析模型）对都匀市研究区滑坡地质灾害易发性进行评价。结果表明:二元逻辑回归模型预测精度与预测效果均为最优,其ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.873,易发性分区中高易发区和中易发区内预测发生滑坡面积比占95.41%,且最符合野外实地调查验证情况。评价方法与结果可为贵州城镇地区滑坡地质灾害评价和防治提供借鉴。