Distribution Patterns of Major and Trace Elements and Provenance of Surface Sediments on the Continental Shelf off Western Guangdong Province and Northeastern Hainan Island

A coupled approach based on grain size and geochemical elements is used to trace the provenance of surface sediments and to confirm the distribution patterns of grain size and elements on the continental shelf off western Guangdong Province and northeastern Hainan Island. The mean grain size ranges from 0.05 φ to 7.28 φ with a mean value of 5.60 φ. The average concentrations of major elements descend in the order of SiO_2Al_2O_3CaOFe_2O_3K_2OMgONa_2OTiO_2 P_2O_5 MnO, while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of Sr Rb Zn V Cr Pb Ni Cu As Cd. On the basis of the distribution patterns of elements and results of statistical analysis, the study area is classified into three zones. Zone I locates on the continental shelf off western Guangdong Province, and the sediments are mainly from Pearl River, Taiwanese rivers, and small rivers nearby. Zone II locates in the eastern exit of Qiongzhou Strait and the coastal area off Leizhou Peninsula, and the sediments are mainly from the erosion products of Qiongzhou Strait and Hainan Island. Zone III locates off the eastern Hainan Island and the continental shelf deeper than-50 m isobaths, and the sediments are mainly from Hainan Island and coral reef. The influence from open water should also be considered. Results indicate that the grain size is the main controlling factor for major and trace element contents and that anthropogenic impact and biological activity also play an important role in the distribution of these elements.     

CMOS图像传感器在太阳磁场观测中的应用研究

磁场是太阳物理的第1观测量,当前太阳磁场观测研究正迈向大视场、高时空分辨率、高偏振测量精度以及空间观测的时代.中国首颗太阳观测卫星—先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S)也配置了具有高时空分辨率、高磁场灵敏度的全日面矢量磁像仪(FMG)载荷,针对FMG载荷的需求,讨论了大面阵、高帧频互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS)图像传感器应用于太阳磁场观测的可行性.首先,基于滤光器型太阳磁像仪观测的原理,比较分析了目前CMOS图像传感器(可用的或是可选的两种快门模式)的特点,指出全局快门类型更适合FMG;其次搭建了CMOS传感器实验室测试系统,测量了CMOS图像传感器的像素增益及其分布规律;最后在怀柔太阳观测基地的全日面太阳望远镜上开展了实测验证,获得预期成果.在这些研究基础上,形成了FMG载荷探测器选型方向.     

珠江口羽流锋浮游植物群落对大气沉降的生态响应

受季风强迫, 珠江淡水羽在南海北部广泛形成羽流锋面, 而浮游植物群落通常在羽流锋面具有较高的生物量。南海北部毗邻珠江三角洲, 陆源输入的大气沉降对该海区生态系统影响显著。利用2019年3月珠江口西部的现场调查数据, 结合羽流锋面浮游植物群落分布的空间差异与大气沉降影响下的浮游植物群落生态学, 分析两者对南海北部陆架区浮游植物粒径群落以及微微型浮游植物的耦合影响。研究表明, 羽流锋面滨侧以小型(Micro)浮游植物群落为主, 锋面海侧以微微型(Pico)浮游植物群落为主, 而锋面区浮游植物群落粒径分布较为均匀, 且生物量高。锋面区域环境因子差异导致浮游植物群落分布呈现较大的空间差异。在锋面区域, 浮游植物群落生长总体受氮限制, 而聚球藻的生长则受磷限制。锋面区域浮游植物群落内部种群对营养盐的需求和响应有所差异。大气干、湿沉降的添加均能够促进不同粒径浮游植物群落的生长: 在锋面滨侧和锋面海侧, 小型浮游植物群落在添加气溶胶颗粒或雨水后比微型(Nano)和微微型浮游植物群落表现出更大的竞争优势, 生长率最高; 而锋面区域浮游植物群落表现出更强的适应性, 小型、微型、微微型浮游植物群落的生长速率均增加且无显著差异。大气沉降颗粒的添加显著促进了锋面系统微微型真核浮游植物与锋面滨侧聚球藻的生长, 在锋面区域以及锋面海侧则抑制了聚球藻和原绿球藻的生长。     

Theory and Application of Pseudo-Reservoir Hydraulic Stimulation for Coalbed Methane Indirect Extraction in Horizontal Well: Part 1—Theory

Pseudo-reservoir stimulation in horizontal well is an effective technique for indirectly extracting coalbed methane (CBM) in soft coal from the surrounding rocks (pseudo-reservoir). However, systematic studies of the theory and on-site application of this technique are still lacking, which severely hinders its application. In this paper, the technical principles of pseudo-reservoir stimulation are analyzed firstly, and then, the technical advantages are demonstrated by experimental tests and theoretical analysis. The results show that the pseudo-reservoir generally possesses considerable gas adsorption capacity, with the gas content of 1.56–4.22 cm³/g (avg. 2.51 cm³/g) in Well XC-01, which can be extracted as supplementary resources. The fracability of the pseudo-reservoirs is 0.73–0.92, which is much higher than that of the coal seam, i.e., 0.03–0.43. Meanwhile, the compressive and tensile strength and cohesion of the pseudo-reservoir are higher than those of the coal seam, indicating pseudo-reservoir stimulation is more conducive to forming fracture network, and maintaining wellbore stability and fracture conductivity. The technical feasibility of pseudo-reservoir stimulation is determined by the regional geological conditions, showing simple tectonic conditions and well-developed surrounding rocks with high fracability and mechanical strength but low permeability, water sensitivity and water content are beneficial for the technique application. Note that the fracture conductivity in pseudo-reservoir is more stable and higher than that in coal seam, pseudo-reservoir stimulation is beneficial for the CBM extraction from both hard and soft coal seams. By minimizing the gas diffusion distance, this technique overcomes the technical obstacles to the CBM commercialized production in soft coal.

     

涡分辨率海洋模式及其海气耦合模式中吕宋海峡处的黑潮入侵

比较了准全球涡分辨率海洋模式（简记为LICOMH）及其海气耦合模式（简记为LICOMHC）中的黑潮入侵南海与观测中黑潮入侵的差异。我们发现在单独海洋模式中黑潮入侵与观测相比过强，而在其海气耦合模式中这一差异得到了改善。冬季的吕宋海峡输送（LST）在LICOMH中为-8.8×10⁶ m³s^-1，而在LICOMHC中则下降到-6.0×10⁶ m³s^-1 。进一步的研究表明是大尺度风场，局地风应力和吕宋海峡以东中尺度涡旋的共同作用导致了黑潮入侵在两个模式中的不同。LICOMH中吕宋岛东北部相对较强的气旋导致了较弱的黑潮输送及吕宋海峡处较强的黑潮入侵。以上三者共同作用造成的LST差异大约是2.0×10⁶ m³s^-1，与两个模式间的LST差异大小基本相当。进一步对LICOMH与LICOMHC中的EKE收支进行分析表明，LICOMH中更强的EKE输送及斜压转换项导致了黑潮以东存在更强的气旋，而海表风场对两个模式中的涡旋差异贡献极小。     

化浊解毒汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎40 例临床观察

目的：观察化浊解毒汤治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）的临床疗效及对患者生存质量的影响。方法：将80 例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各40 例。治疗组予化浊解毒汤治疗，对照组予胃复春片治疗，2组疗程均为6个月。观察2组治疗前后中医证候积分、病理组织学分级，评定中医证候疗效及病理组织学疗效；采用健康状况调查简表（SF-36）对患者治疗前后生存质量进行评价。结果：中医证候疗效、病理组织学疗效治疗组分别为92.5%（37/40）、80.0%（32/40），对照组分别为77.5%（31/40）、55.0%（22/40），2组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组在生存质量中躯体疼痛（BP）、社交功能(SF)、情感职能（RE）3个方面的评分优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：化浊解毒中药治疗CAG临床疗效明显，并可提高患者生存质量。     

Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing,land model,and reanalysis using global ground observations

High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.     

Dynamic response of road pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space to a moving traffic load

This paper is dedicated to study the dynamic response of a thin‐plate resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space under a moving traffic load. Based on the dynamic poroelastic theory of Biot, the general solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic foundation are obtained by Fourier translation. By using the transmission and reflection matrices method in the frequency domain, the equivalent stiffness of the layered poroelastic half‐space is presented. Kirchhoff's hypotheses are applied to obtain the vertical displacement of the thin plate. By using the inverse Fourier transform, the time domain solution is obtained. As an example of three layers, the influences of the load velocity, the material properties of poroelastic layers, and the flexural rigidity of the plate on the response of the pavement system are examined. Analyses show that a soft intermediate layer results in the significant increase of vertical displacement of road pavement. Comparison with the existing work validates the present model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

导波式雷达水位计在潮位观测中的应用

文中简要介绍了雷达水位计的测量原理、分类和技术特点,并将其中的导波式雷达水位计和非接触式雷达水位计与传统的浮子式水位计进行了比较,说明了导波式雷达水位计应用于一些特定条件下潮位观测的优势。基于导波式雷达水位计设计了一套水位观测系统。简要介绍了该水位观测系统的系统组成、硬件设计、软件设计。针对该水位观测系统进行了计量检定,并进行了现场安装试验。在现场实验中将导波式雷达水位计数据与浮子式水位计数据进行比较,说明了采用该设计方案进行潮位观测的可行性。     

天然水CaCO_3侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算

天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算是岩溶地球化学研究中的一个重要问题，本文在指出有关文献对这一问题的处理存在严重问题的同时，提出了天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量计算的新方法。该方法以水溶液相对ＣＳＣＯ３饱和度的计算为基础，对ＣａＣＯ３溶解或沉淀所引起的水溶液ｐＨ值、组分的活度系数以及水溶液中各组分存在形式含量的变化统一地作了考虑，且区分开放系统与封闭系统两种不同的情况分别进行了计算。实际水样的计算结果表明，计算中若不考虑上述的种种变化，则计算结果的误差将是相当大的。