Biostratigraphy of the Surgah formation in Kuh-e-Surgah and correlation with Tang-e-Gerab (West of Iran)

In biostratigraphic studies of the Surgah formation in the Kuh-e-Surgah section, 145 samples were collected. The thickness of the Surgah formation is about 175 m, and it consists mainly of limestone and shale. The lower and upper boundaries of the Surgah formation are Sarvak and Ilam formations, respectively, and they are conformable with sharp lithology. Seventeen species which belong to six genera of planktonic foraminifera and four biozones have been identified in this study. Based on foraminifera assemblages and biozone determinations, the age of the Surgah formation is Late Turonian to Early Late Santonian. This section is correlated with the Tang-e-Gerab section.     

Development of fragility curves by incorporating new spectral shape indicators and a weighted damage index: case study of steel braced frames in the city of Mashhad,Iran

In this study, strong ground motion record(SGMR) selection based on Eta(η) as a spectral shape indicator has been investigated as applied to steel braced frame structures. A probabilistic seismic hazard disaggregation analysis for the definition of the target Epsilon(ε) and the target Eta(η) values at different hazard levels is presented, taking into account appropriately selected SGMR's. Fragility curves are developed for different limit states corresponding to three representative models of typical steel braced frames having significant irregularities in plan, by means of a weighted damage index. The results show that spectral shape indicators have an important effect on the predicted median structural capacities, and also that the parameter η is a more robust predictor of damage than searching for records with appropriate ε values.