基于改进Delaunay三角剖分算法的微地震数据SRV估算与应用

影响页岩气藏改造效果的核心参数是储层的压裂改造体积(Stimulated Reservoir Volume,SRV),有效准确估算压裂改造体积有助于评估压裂效果.水力压裂过程中微地震事件点分布状态不规则,传统的SRV计算方法通过外接规则几何体进行计算,相应结果误差明显,进而采用Delaunay三角剖分算法来降低结果误差,但Delaunay三角剖分方法更适合处理凸数据集.若压裂裂缝网络比较分散,即存在一些非产能区域,该算法不能剔除该区域的影响,造成压裂改造体积估值偏大.针对该问题,本文提出了 一种基于三维不规则包络体的SRV计算方法,首先使用DBSCAN算法对微震事件点进行聚类处理,排除微震事件的异常定位点的干扰,然后使用本文提出的边界凹陷算法,对裂缝网络内部非产能区域进行剔除,得出一个由多个四面体组成的封闭的三维包络体,通过计算其内部所有四面体的体积之和可估算出整体压裂改造体积.通过实测数据对本文方法进行检验,相应结果表明:计算获得的不规则包络体和微震事件空间展布特征具有较好的一致性,可明显消除非产能区域的影响,本文方法具有很好的可行性与准确性.     

基于RSEI模型的石家庄生态环境质量评价

对石家庄地区的生态环境质量进行评价,对于该地区的生态环境治理和保护有重要意义.故选取2001-2018年之间5个时间点的Landsat TM和Landsat-8 OLI影像,通过提取绿度、湿度、干度和热度4项指标,结合主成分分析得到遥感生态指数RSEI,从而对石家庄地区的生态环境质量时空演变进行分析.结果表明:2001-2018年,石家庄RSEI指数略有上升;研究区大部分区域为RSEI等级为良和优的地区,占比从73.31％提高到了77.72％,变好的区域集中于石家庄西部山地地区;石家庄RSEI和NDVI、NDSI关系相较于WET、LST更为密切.石家庄生态环境质量整体较好,应继续增加绿化面积,实现生态环境保护和经济的协调发展.     

深部地质资源地球物理探测技术研究发展

随着经济发展,人类经济社会对资源与能源的需求日益增加.我国在采资源正在枯竭,供需矛盾不断加大,对外依存度较高.国家对陆地盲区、深地和深海的资源勘探极为重视,同时未来勘探对象更为隐蔽、地质条件更为复杂,勘探与开采难度越来越大.地球物理方法作为勘查技术中最有效准确的预测方法之一,为满足勘探任务的需求,近年来地球物理勘探在研究新技术、新方法、仪器研发和数据处理解释等方面取得突破性进展.本文详细阐述我国的金属矿、煤矿、油气以及非常规油气资源的勘探开发现状,归纳了相应领域的地球物理技术新进展,对深地资源的勘探开发进行了展望,为资源与能源开发提供参考.     

我国核电厂设计中考虑的自然灾害综述与建议

我国是目前世界在建核电机组最多的国家,总装机容量世界第三,是名副其实的核大国,核安全是国家安全的重要内容,被提到了前所未有的高度。同时,我国也是世界上自然灾害最严重的国家之一,包括核电厂在内的重大工程建设高度重视自然灾害防御设计。日本311地震海啸引起福岛核事故后,核电厂设计中增强了对超设计基准自然灾害的考虑。本文对核电厂防御自然灾害的必要性、核电厂设计中需考虑的自然灾害及国内外核电厂关于防御自然灾害存在的问题进行研究,提出我国核电厂防御自然灾害的建议。     

物质点强度折减法边坡失稳判据选择方法

用物质点强度折减法求解边坡安全系数时,需要选择一定的失稳判据,而采用不同的失稳判据获得的安全系数通常存在一定差异.为此,采用物质点强度折减法对两个边坡算例进行了稳定性分析,对比研究了文献中常用的4种边坡失稳判据(计算不收敛、特征点位移突变、塑性应变贯通及界限值判据)在计算边坡安全系数时的合理性及适用性.同时,将Spen...     

广西百色盆地东部古近系那读组湖相灰岩

百色盆地东部田东坳陷那坤地区古近系那读组三段下部发育一套数米至数十米厚的湖相灰岩,岩石以浅灰色-灰色、含大量的螺蚌化石和具核形石结构为特征,间夹有薄层的泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩。本文在实测地表剖面和详细观察岩心的基础上,仔细研究了此套灰岩的岩石学特征。依据丰富的原生沉积构造、古生物化石标志以及沉积地球化学、测井相特征将湖相灰岩的沉积相划分为滨湖、颗粒滩、浅湖三个亚相以及灰泥坪、沼泽、颗粒坪、滩缘、滩核、滩间水道、灰泥浅湖、泥质浅湖等八个微相,并详细地研究了各微相的沉积特征。结合该灰岩的区域分布和沉积相的平面展布格局指出沉积相主体属于浅湖的颗粒滩,并提出了相应的沉积相模式。     

The unification of RBLs with XBLs

Many astronomers have discussed the property of BL Lacertae objects, including the variation of spectrum, the correlation of multi-wave bands and the property of polarization, which could give good information for studying intrinsic correlation of components and position of BL Lacertae objects. In the paper, we investigated the properties of RBLs and XBLs and RBLs/XBLs (these objects can also be found by radio survey as by X-ray survey). Firstly, we collected the light curve of 28 BL Lacertae objects, and gained their short timescales by Structure Function (SF). Secondly, we analyzed the distribution of the short timescales of some BL Lacertae objects, including 28 objects’ timescales calculated by SF, as well as the distribution of the redshift and the black hole mass and the flux densities of the multi-wavebands (radio, near-infrared, optical and Gamma-ray). Based on statistical analysis, the result of the paper support the unification model of RBLs and XBLs.     

The dark matter environment of the Abell 901/902 supercluster: a weak lensing analysis of the HST STAGES survey

We present a high-resolution dark matter reconstruction of the   z = 0.165  Abell 901/902 supercluster from a weak lensing analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope STAGES survey. We detect the four main structures of the supercluster at high significance, resolving substructure within and between the clusters. We find that the distribution of dark matter is well traced by the cluster galaxies, with the brightest cluster galaxies marking out the strongest peaks in the dark matter distribution. We also find a significant extension of the dark matter distribution of Abell 901a in the direction of an infalling X-ray group Abell 901α. We present mass, mass-to-light and mass-to-stellar mass ratio measurements of the structures and substructures that we detect. We find no evidence for variation of the mass-to-light and mass-to-stellar mass ratio between the different clusters. We compare our space-based lensing analysis with an earlier ground-based lensing analysis of the supercluster to demonstrate the importance of space-based imaging for future weak lensing dark matter 'observations'.     

Application of Accelerometer Data in Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE -A and -B

We investigate how well the GRACE satellite orbits can be determined using the onboard GPS data combined with the accelerometer data.The preprocessing of the accelerometer data and the methods and models used in the orbit determination are presented.In order to assess the orbit accuracy,a number of tests are made,including external orbit comparison,and through Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals and K-band ranging (KBR) residuals.It is shown that the standard deviations of the position differences between the so-called precise science orbits (PSO) produced by GFZ,and the single-difference (SD) and zero-difference (ZD) dynamic orbits are about 7 cm and 6 cm,respectively.The independent SLR validation indicates that the overall root-mean-squared (RMS) errors of the SD solution for days 309-329 of 2002 are about 4.93cm and 5.22cm,for GRACE-A and B respectively; theoverall RMS errors of the ZD solution are about 4.25 cm and 4.71 cm,respectively.The relative accuracy between the two GRACE satellites is validated by the KBR data to be on a level of 1.29 cm for the SD,and 1.03 cm for the ZD solution.     

细粒含量对冰碛土抗剪强度影响的实验研究

为研究细粒组颗粒在浸水/降雨条件下产生迁移对冰碛土抗剪强度的影响,从西藏林芝市帕隆藏布嘎隆寺沟流域内采取冰碛土样品,进行7种不同细粒（粒径小于2 mm）含量情况下的冰碛土比重和相对密度的测试,开展了不同围压下的大型饱和固结不排水三轴（CU）实验。结果表明：（1）细粒含量对干密度的影响较小,不同细粒含量的冰碛土孔隙比大致相同,细颗粒对孔隙具有改造作用,不同细粒含量会引起孔隙结构的差异,从而导致冰碛土的结构差异,最终导致抗剪强度的不同;（2）细颗粒迁移导致冰碛堤坡脚和内部一定深度细粒含量较高,达到一定的量值时,抗剪强度明显降低,冰碛堤容易发生剪切破坏;（3）细粒含量对抗剪强度参数的变化具有重要影响,从中还可以反映出冰碛土结构控制的变化：粗颗粒控制→粗细颗粒共同控制→细颗粒控制。研究结果对于评价冰碛堤的稳定性具有重要意义。