GPS测定的2011年日本9.0级地震的中国大陆地区同震位移场

利用陆态网络东北地区的6个GPS基准站地震期间的观测数据反演了日本本州东海岸9.0级强震区域地表的瞬时形变过程,应用160多个陆态网络基准站以及IGS跟踪站的GPS观测数据解算获得中国大陆地区的远场同震位移。将测站按照中国大陆主要构造带(区)进行分配统计可知,东北地区同震位移最大,平均接近20mm;首都圈与郯-庐带及周围地区平均同震位移也在10mm左右;距离震中比较远的鄂尔多斯及周围、阿尔金-祁连山-阿拉善、新疆等地区也受到了该地震的影响,在东方向发生了5mm左右的位移,并且以上地区的优势方向都为东方向;而本次地震对中国的华南(包括南海)以及青藏等地区基本没有影响。这些解算结果对进一步研究地震动力学特征及判定未来地震趋势提供了详实的实测依据。     

基于World Wind Java的3D海洋石油平台管理系统的设计与实现

基于World Wind Java(WWJava)3D GIS平台,集成渤海海洋石油及平台管线信息、平台生产及排污信息、海洋环境信息,设计并实现了北海区海洋石油平台管理系统。系统采用B/S结构,通过"数字海洋"北海分局节点提供集成身份验证和数据服务环境,利用WWJava Applet提供3维地图支持,地图与数据页面使用JavaScript脚本进行交互,形成管理、查询、统计与业务支持为一体的综合地理信息业务支持系统。实际应用证明,本系统有效地提高了北海区海洋石油平台监管与问题处置能力。     

大连经济技术开发区建设与城市空间扩展研究

开发区的快速发展,推动城市空间的不断扩展和城市功能的转移扩散。通过对大连经济技术开发区建设带动城市空间扩展影响的实证研究,表明经济技术开发区建设对城市空间的规模扩张和功能扩散发挥着重要的作用,具体体现在:(1)地域空间上,再造城市空间形态、形成金州城市新区和布局十大产业功能园区;(2)经济空间上,加快传统制造业向高新技术产业转型,发展进出口贸易,引领东北地区外向型经济发展;(3)社会空间上,增加就业比重,建设人才强区,建立相对完善的现代教育体系和科研创新体系,加快原有社会空间的分异和新社会空间的形成。     

河南省区域经济、金融空间结构变化对比分析

基于泰尔指数和GIS地图分析技术,对河南区域经济和区域金融空间结构变化做对比分析.结果表明:金融业的空间集聚度远大于一般产业,在强大的金融集聚经济作用下,区域经济发展与区域金融发展会表现出显著差异.2000年以来,河南省辖市市区经济实力相对下降,而金融集聚功能上升;县域经济显著发展,而金融发展普遍滞后,郑州市日益成为全省金融服务业的集聚地.金融空间流动带来现代城市的快速成长、功能彰显和激烈竞争,而此种努力的结果往往会抑制一些区域的金融发展,特别是县域和农村地区,需要统筹区域金融中心和乡村普惠金融建设.     

都汶公路沿线泥石流危险性评价

汶川地震诱发的次生泥石流灾害,已成为灾区防灾减灾工作的突出问题和灾后恢复重建的重要制约因素之一,泥石流危险性评价是泥石流灾害风险管理的核心基础技术。以都汶公路沿线的31条泥石流沟为研究对象,通过野外考察、遥感图像的解译、查阅相关文献资料等手段获取研究区泥石流沟的基础数据,通过选取地质、地形、气象、水文指标,并利用主成分分析法对关键因子进行筛选和灰色系统模型进行权重的确定,建立泥石流危险性评价模型,计算得到每条沟的泥石流危险度值。评价结果表明:公路沿线31条泥石流沟处于不同泥石流危险等级:极高危险占23%,高危险占35%,中度危险占13%,轻度危险占29%;其中红椿沟、肖家沟、烧房沟等沟属于泥石流极高危险沟道,高家沟、牛圈沟等属于高度危险沟道,公路选线须采取避让或充分的防治对策。     

开垦对内蒙古温带草地土壤不同有机碳组分的影响(英文)

Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon (C), especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly (p<0.01). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients (qMBs) in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.     

Impact of global warming on drought in China

Spatial and temporal change patterns of air temperature (T), precipitation (P), relative humidity (RH), lower vapor pressure (VP), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and drought situation of 690 meteorological stations for all of China were evaluated in this study to understand the effects of warming on regional drought and hydrological processes. Here, the drought extent is expressed by aridity index (AI), which is the ratio of precipitation and reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) calculated by FAO Penman-Monteith equation, taking into account air temperature, atmospheric humidity, solar radiation, and wind. Our results indicate that there are different patterns of climate change from 1961 to 2008 and from 1981 to 2008. Little precipitation change occurred in China and ET₀ decreased from 1961 to 2008. But, the warming trend has intensified and the area with significant increasing precipitation has reduced since the early 1980’s and ET₀ has increased in most areas of China from 1981 to 2008 and decreased from 1961 to 2008. The areas affected by drought have shifted from North China and Northeast China to East China and South China since 1981. It is speculated that the increasing warming intensity after 1981 possibly strengthened the power of potential evapotranspiration and resulted in drought in most areas of Northeast China, North China, eastern Southwest China, and especially in East China and South China.     

Monitoring Mongolia Gobi dust transport using OMI data

The characteristics of long-distance dust transport from Asia to the United States over the Pacific Ocean are statistically analyzed using OMI AI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index) data during 2005–2007. The results show that there is a high correlation of AI (the correlation coefficients are as high as 0.83 in March, 0.62 in April and 0.54 in May) between the Mongolia Gobi Desert and the west coast region of the United States (40°–50°N, 120°–130°W), indicating a strong source-receptor area relationship. Through calculating the lag correlation coefficient of the dust propagation time, we determined that the dust propagation time from the Mongolia Gobi Desert to the west coast of the United States is about 6–7 days at the 99% confidence level.     

兰州市土壤一蔬菜系统典型重金属空间评价及健康风险分析

通过田间试验和室内分析相结合,对兰州市蔬菜和土壤中重金属cd、Hg、Pb、As和cr的含量进行测定并评估经食入途径对人体的健康风险,同时运用改进的物元模型综合评价兰州市三县四区土壤重金属污染并进行分区。结果表明：（1）兰州市菜地土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、As和cr的平均含量都高于背景值,存在明显的积累,但均低于《土壤环境...     

沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸对人工降水的响应

 利用LI-8100土壤呼吸测量仪,对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘阜康北部地区沙丘不同部位（坡底、坡中、坡顶）的土壤呼吸速率进行了测量,探讨了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率对降雨的响应,分析了土壤水分和土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:①沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的日变化呈“双峰曲线”,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率的日变化曲线大部分转变为“单峰曲线”。②增雨处理增加了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的变化幅度、平均值和极差,推后了土壤呼吸速率最大值到来的时间。③土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的相关性对降雨表现出积极的响应,降雨改变了土壤温度的日变化曲线类型,提高了土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数。④非增雨处理时,沙丘坡底、坡中和坡顶的土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关性系数均较高,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关系数有所下降,仅坡中的相关系数通过了α=0.01的显著性检验。