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塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林不同退化区胡杨种群结构和空间分布格局研究 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
对塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林退化程度不同的4个典型断面胡杨种群结构和空间分布格局进行了研究,结果表明:①胡杨种群密度从英苏断面的8.01株/(25 m ×25 m)下降至依干不及麻断面的0.62株/(25 m×25 m),同时伴生种数量和种类不断减少。②胡杨种群整体分布不均匀,幼苗和小树缺乏,中龄和老龄植株所占比例较高。随着退化程度的加剧,幼苗和小树所占比例不断降低,而中龄和老龄植株所占比例明显增加。③胡杨种群整体分布格局为聚集分布,聚集度Moristia指数Iδ 从英苏断面的1.67增至依干不及麻断面的4.99,并且幼苗和小树发育阶段的胡杨种群分布格局因植株数量的不断减少,逐渐由聚集分布过渡为随机分布,而中龄和老龄发育阶段的胡杨种群均为聚集分布。④影响胡杨种群结构和分布格局变化的主要因子是地下水埋深,浅层土壤含水率对其影响不大。 相似文献
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近50 a以来塔里木河下游土地沙漠化影响因子分析 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
塔里木河下游地区是干旱区中沙漠化进程最显著的地区之一,一直深受社会各界关注,尤其是它的成因。由于近50 a来人类不合理的水土资源和生物资源的开发利用,导致塔里木河下游大西海子水库以下363 km河道断流近30 a,地下水位由20世纪50年代的3~5 m逐年下降至2000年的8~12 m,由此而引起下游天然植被面积逐年减少。由于天然植被严重衰败,固定和半固定沙地面积也以百分之几至百分之几十的速率减小,林间沙地活化,沙漠化面积逐年增加,沙漠化程度也在不断增强,塔里木河下游地区1958年沙漠化面积仅占土地总面积的12%,到2000年沙漠化土地面积超过90%,使本来就处于干旱环境中的塔里木河下游朝着更加干旱的方向急剧发展。在塔里木河下游这一特定区域,从近50 a来研究区域平均气温和降水资料来看,降水和气温有波动性变化,但毕竟较小;现代气候条件和变化的幅度不足以造成环境大的改变,不足以造成沙漠的大幅度扩张或收缩,大范围的活化或固定;而同期人口急剧增加造成的压力和经济活动对环境的强烈干扰,才是造成大范围生态环境恶化和沙漠化发生发展的主要原因。 相似文献
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I·A·谢克洛莫罗夫 《水科学进展》1999,10(3):219-234
1990~1996,俄罗斯国立水文研究所的科学家,在本文作者的科学指导下,对世界水资源、用水和可用水量的动态变化作了新的综合评价,也对其未来状况进行了预测。依据世界水文站网资料,简明地给出了世界各洲、不同自然地理和经济区,以及一些选定国家的可更新水资源动态数据;给出了满足人口、工农业需要的全球用水量,以及本世纪和未来(2000、2010和2025年)的动态可利用水量;分析了世界水资源、用水和可利用水量变化的长期趋势,后者与气候因素和社会经济因素的有关。本项研究成果将以专着《21世纪初期世界水资源》于1999年由剑桥大学出版社出版。 相似文献
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Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IAVCEI Subcommittee for Crisis Protocols: Chris Newhall · Shigeo Aramaki · Franco Barberi · Russell Blong · Marta Calvache · Jean-Louis Cheminee · Raymundo Punongbayan · Claus Siebe · Tom Simkin · Stephen Sparks · Wimpy Tjetjep Chris Newhall 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,60(5):323-334
Stress during volcanic crises is high, and any friction between scientists can distract seriously from both humanitarian and scientific effort. Friction can arise, for example, if team members do not share all of their data, if differences in scientific interpretation erupt into public controversy, or if one scientist begins work on a prime research topic while a colleague with longer-standing investment is still busy with public safety work. Some problems arise within existing scientific teams; others are brought on by visiting scientists. Friction can also arise between volcanologists and public officials. Two general measures may avert or reduce friction: (a) National volcanologic surveys and other scientific groups that advise civil authorities in times of volcanic crisis should prepare, in advance of crises, a written plan that details crisis team policies, procedures, leadership and other roles of team members, and other matters pertinent to crisis conduct. A copy of this plan should be given to all current and prospective team members. (b) Each participant in a crisis team should examine his or her own actions and contribution to the crisis effort. A personal checklist is provided to aid this examination. Questions fall generally in two categories: Are my presence and actions for the public good? Are my words and actions collegial, i.e., courteous, respectful, and fair? Numerous specific solutions to common crisis problems are also offered. Among these suggestions are: (a) choose scientific team leaders primarily for their leadership skills; (b) speak publicly with a single scientific voice, especially when forecasts, warnings, or scientific disagreements are involved; (c) if you are a would-be visitor, inquire from the primary scientific team whether your help would be welcomed, and, in general, proceed only if the reply is genuinely positive; (d) in publications, personnel evaluations, and funding, reward rather than discourage teamwork. Models are available from the fields of particle physics and human genetics, among others. 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - The return period is a probabilistic criterion used to measure and communicate the random occurrence of geophysical events such as floods in risk assessment studies. Since an... 相似文献
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采用形态法和小波分析法,分析2020年3月20日蒙古MS 5.9地震震中距400 km范围内巴里坤、富蕴和芨芨台地震台倾斜观测资料的震前异常特征。结果表明:3套资料在震前均具有明显的中短期异常,分别表现为反向趋势变化、破年变形态和倾斜速率减缓的特征;使用db4小波对3套资料进行分析,其6—9阶在震前出现周期为几天至几十天的低频短期异常,同时巴里坤水平摆倾斜仪EW分量8—9阶趋势异常较显著。 相似文献
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选取2017—2021年巴里坤测震台数字观测资料,对近2 000 h波形数据,运用Welch平均周期法,计算得到该台台基背景噪声与噪声功率谱密度(PSD)及1—20 Hz地动噪声均方根值(RMS)。通过数据对比分析,认为2018—2020年,受G7、G575高速公路施工、人为干扰等影响,巴里坤测震台台基噪声水平不断升高,2019年噪声值达到最大。同时,对比巴里坤测震台在高速公路通行前后的背景噪声可知,2021年日、夜噪声差值高于2017年,且夏季高于冬季。 相似文献
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