A GIS-based method of risk assessment on no. 11 coal-floor water inrush from Ordovician limestone in Hancheng mining area,China

The no. 11 coal seam in the deep area of Hancheng mining area is mining in recent years, which is threatened by the water inrush from the Ordovician limestone aquifer. Coal-floor water inrush is governed by the water abundance of coal-floor aquifer, the water-resisting performance of coal-floor aquitard, and the pathway connecting the water source and the working face. To make an accuracy risk assessment of water inrush from the no. 11 coal seam floor, a GIS-based vulnerability index method (VIM) is adopted for its superior comprehensive consideration of more controlling factors, powerful spatial analysis, and intuitively display functions. This study firstly established an index system including the water pressure of the coal-floor aquifer, the unit water inflow, the thickness, the core recovery percentage, the thickness ratio of brittle rocks to ductile rocks, the thickness of effective aquitard, and the accumulated length of faults and folds, of which the former six indexes governed the water abundance of the coal-floor aquifer which was combined with the last two factors to determine the risk of coal-floor water inrush. Secondly, the thematic map of each controlling factor is established by GIS using the geological prospecting data, and the weight of each factor is determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) after consulting the expert review panel. At last, a vulnerability index is obtained and used to assess the risk of coal-floor water inrush of the no. 11 coal seam. The risk of water inrush of the no. 11 coal seam of the study area was ranked to three zones: the southeastern shallow area in red color is the dangerous zone, the wide northwestern area in green color is the safe zone, and the transition area in yellow color is the moderate-risk zone. Compared with the actual water-inrush incidents, the risk assessment result was verified to achieve an accuracy of 82.35%, which is proved to be a dependable reference for the prevention and controlling of coal-floor water inrush of the no. 11 coal seam in Hancheng mining area.     

中国历史极端干旱研究进展

中国现有抗旱相关法规、规划、标准和制度等均是按常态干旱考虑的,几乎没有考虑大范围、长历时极端干旱的问题。一旦发生类似崇祯大旱和光绪大旱等极端干旱,将对中国经济社会产生深刻影响。从历史旱涝序列重建、极端干旱事件复原和重演3个方面论述了相关研究进展,发现重建方面缺乏重建方法对比研究、重建序列时空分辨率较低等,复原方面缺乏干旱灾害双重属性的考虑等,重演方面缺乏对抗旱减灾能力以及全球气候变化的考虑等。对未来研究重点和实践需求进行了展望,指出需在不同重建方法交叉检验、高时空分辨率旱涝序列重建、基于自然灾害双重属性的历史极端干旱事件复原、历史极端干旱事件定量化重演和干旱巨灾风险应对战略等方面取得突破性进展。     

Paleogene Deformation and its Control Mechanism in the Central Part of Raoyang SagEI北大核心CSCD

Various Palaeogenic deformations have been recognized in the central part of the Raoyang Sag. Based on seismic interpretation, the sedimentary sequences, structure features and activity of main faults have been studied. The results show that the Xianxian detachment fault, which is located in the eastern boundary of the Raoyang Sag, was still active during the Cenozoic and controlled the basinal deformation. The detachment depth and deformation of the Xianxian detachment fault are discussed based on the area-balance theory. The results reveal that patterns of the Paleogene structures vary considerably from the north to the south. Activity of the main faults in the hanging wall of the Xianxian detachment led to a westward migration of the deposition center. On the other hand, the uplifting of the dome related to the detachment resulted in fast denudation of the overlying sediments in locals. The deformation of detachment fault and activities of the major faults controlled the Paleogene deformation in the central part of the Raoyang Sag. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

基于像元二分模型的森林郁闭度遥感估算

实现森林郁闭度的高精度估测,对于森林资源的监测与管理具有非常重要的意义。本文以小兴安岭带岭林业实验管理局为研究区,基于植被指数的像元二分模型进行了森林郁闭度的遥感反演,结果表明:模型的预估精度达到89.01%,决定系数R2达到0.859,RMSE为0.039,模型的一致性较好,可以实现大区域范围森林郁闭度的监测,满足了林业经营管理的需求。     

广州市不动产测绘生产管理系统的研究与建设

随着广州市不动产统一登记工作的开展,不动产测绘成为其中的重要环节。本文介绍了以"地、楼、房"数据一体化管理为核心,基于GIS技术实现土地房屋一体化测绘生产与管理的不动产测绘管理系统,同时重点说明了其核心技术和特色功能。     

渤海湾盆地大型基岩潜山储层特征及其控制因素——以渤中19- 6凝析气田为例

渤中19-6气田是渤海湾盆地近期发现的规模最大的深层变质基岩凝析气田,探明储量超过千亿立方米,气柱高度超1000 m,现今埋深大于4000 m,储层规模大但非均质性强.基于三维地震、钻井、测井以及薄片资料,明确了基岩潜山储层的发育特征,并探讨了优质储层形成的主控因素.结果表明:基岩潜山以太古宇变质花岗岩为主要的储集岩性,储集空间主要为构造裂缝,同时发育沿裂缝溶蚀形成的孔隙及构造破碎粒间孔,平均孔隙度为5％,平均渗透率为6.48×10-3μm2.脆性岩石、构造挤压以及风化作用共同控制了规模性储层的形成:① 研究区90％的岩石为低抗压强度的变质花岗岩,为裂缝的形成提供了物质基础;② 印支期强烈的挤压为规模性裂缝的形成提供了外部动力,是大规模储层发育最为关键的因素;不同构造位置裂缝发育程度不同,造成了储层平面分布的非均质性;③ 长期的风化作用使得潜山上部300 m以内的储集物性得到进一步改善,控制了潜山垂向上储层的非均质性.     

共和盆地壳内部分熔融层存在的地球物理证据与干热岩资源区域性热源分析

新生代以来,共和盆地及其周缘造山带无火山、岩浆活动,印支期隐伏花岗岩体岩浆余热与放射性元素衰变生热等难以构成共和盆地干热岩资源的主要热源,而共和盆地又为一高温地热异常盆地.目前已基本探明了共和县恰卜恰与贵德县热水泉干热岩体2处,圈定出干热岩勘查目标靶区16处.区域重力和区域航磁调查、区域天然地震成像、盆地尺度天然地震背景噪声层析成像勘查,以及超高分辨率重力异常、电阻率与Rayleigh波群相速度线性反演结果均表明共和盆地下伏发育有壳内部分熔融层,进而构成地处板内环境、高热流区共和盆地干热岩资源的区域性热源.盆地尺度MT勘查结果表明,共和盆地西盆地壳内部分熔融层埋深15~35 km,东西向长约41 km,南北向宽约34 km,厚度2~12 km.综合分析认为,该部分熔融层熔融程度最高可达4%~7%,15 km深处温度约为574℃,主体位于贵南南山推覆体系与共和准推覆体系深部主拆离滑脱推覆界面之下,兴海大型复合推覆体系主拆离滑脱推覆界面之上.挽近地质时期深构相、多层次、近水平展布的韧性拆离滑脱推覆构造界面的连续动态剪切摩擦生热,可能是部分熔融层形成的主要因素.      

基于多源遥感影像的长春市城市建成区提取

夜光遥感影像记录的城市灯光与人类活动密切相关,已广泛应用于城市信息提取。珞珈一号作为新一代夜光遥感数据源,比以往的夜光数据具有更高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率,可以更清晰地表达城市建成区范围和内部结构。本文利用珞珈一号夜光遥感影像,通过人类居住指数（human settlement index, HSI）、植被覆盖和建筑共同校正的城市夜光指数（vegetation and build adjusted nighttime light urban index, VBANUI）及支持向量机（support vector machine, SVM）监督分类3种方法对长春市城市建成区进行提取,并与利用NPP/VIIRS（suomi national polar-orbiting partnership/visible infrared imaging radiometer suite）夜光遥感影像、采用同样方法得到的结果对比。结果显示：本文提出的VBANUI提高了传统植被覆盖校正的城市夜光指数（vegetation adjusted nighttime light urban index, VANUI）的提取精度,使用珞珈一号夜光遥感影像通过VBANUI提取的城市建成区结果最优,其Kappa系数为0.80,总体分类精度为90.74%;使用珞珈一号和NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像通过HSI按最佳阈值提取城市建成区的Kappa系数分别为0.75和0.72,总体分类精度分别为88.27%和86.54%;复合数据的SVM监督分类法中Landsat-NDBI、Landsat-NDBI-VIIRS、Landsat-NDBI-LJ和Landsat-NDBI-LJlog的Kappa系数分别为0.602、0.627、0.643和0.681,总体分类精度分别为81.11%、81.52%、82.25%和84.48%。研究结果表明：3种提取方法下,均为使用珞珈一号夜光遥感影像的结果优于使用NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像的结果,证明相比于NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像,珞珈一号夜光遥感影像更适用于城市尺度的建成区范围提取。     

银额盆地石板泉西石炭系白山组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其环境意义

对银额盆地石板泉西石炭系白山组碳酸盐岩进行详细的地球化学分析,探讨各特征元素对古环境、古气候的指示意义。地球化学测试结果显示：除样品CH3外,其余样品主量元素中的Al及微量元素中的Ti、Zr、Th等典型陆源特征元素的含量较低,Y/Ho平均值为45.58,反映研究区白山组碳酸盐岩较少受陆源物质输入的影响;δCe与δEu、w（ΣREE）、（La/Sm）_N未见良好的相关性,也不具备Eu正异常,说明研究区白山组碳酸盐岩受成岩作用和热液作用的影响也较为有限。碳酸盐岩中所含微量元素主要为海水自生成因,能够反映原始沉积环境。根据特征元素对古水深、古盐度、古气候、古氧相和古水温进行研究,显示研究区白山组碳酸盐岩段虽然岩性较为单一,但其地球化学特征可以反映早晚的沉积古环境差异。研究区白山组碳酸盐岩总体经历了1个大的海侵海退旋回,沉积于正常海水,气候潮湿,弱氧化—弱还原环境,古水温为8.51~27.10℃,早期水温低,晚期水温升高。