The diagenetic geochemistry and contamination assessment of iron,cadmium, and lead in the sediments from the Shuangtaizi estuary,China

Sediment and pore water samples have been collected from the coastal tidal flat in the Shuangtaizi estuary, China, in order to investigate the geochemical behavior of iron, cadmium, and lead during diagenesis and to assess the degree of contamination. The calculated enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices for separate elements show that anthropogenic activities have had no significant influence on the distribution of Fe and Pb in the study area, whereas the distribution of Cd has been closely influenced in this way. The high percentage of exchangeable Cd (average of 56.34%) suggests that Cd represents a potential hazard to benthic organisms in the estuary. The calculated diffusive fluxes of metals show that the most mobilized metal is Fe (9.22 mg m^?2 a^?1), followed by Cd (0.54 mg m^?2 a^?1) and Pb (0.42 mg m^?2 a^?1). Low Fe²⁺ contents in surface pore water, alongside high chromium-reducible sulfur contents, and low acid-volatile sulfur, and elemental sulfur contents at 0–25 cm depth in sediments show that Fe²⁺ is formed by the reduction of Fe oxides and is transformed first to a solid phase of iron monosulfides (FeS) and eventually to pyrite (FeS₂). The release of adsorbed Pb due to reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides during early diagenesis could be a source of Pb²⁺ in pore water. From the relatively low total organic carbon contents measured in sediments (0.46–1.28%, with an average of 0.94%) and the vertical variation of Cd²⁺ in pore water, sulfide or Fe/Mn oxides (instead of organic matter) are presumed to exert a significant influence on carrying or releasing Cd by the sediments.     

A distributed parameter model of a frame pin‐supported wall structure

Many reinforced‐concrete frames collapse via a soft‐story mechanism during severe earthquakes. Such collapses are mainly attributed to concentrated deformation in a soft story. Deformation control is thus important in preventing collapse. The frame pin‐supported wall structure is a type of rocking structure that releases constraints at the bottom of the wall. Previous research has obtained good results for the deformation control of this type of structure. However, the interior forces and strength demands of the pin‐supported wall have not been systematically explored. In this paper, a distributed parameter model is developed to investigate the strength demand of the wall in a frame pin‐supported wall structure. In the model, the pin‐supported wall is simplified as a bending beam and the frame is simplified as a shear beam. The two beams are joined by distributed shear connectors, so that the shear force can be transferred at any location on the interface. The model can be solved using differential equations based on equilibrium and compatibility. The accuracy of the model is verified using SAP2000 (Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA). Displacement distribution of the structure and distributions of the moment and shear force within the pin‐supported wall are obtained for two typical external force profiles. It is found that the pin‐supported wall can effectively reduce the drift concentration factor. Distributions of the displacement, moment, and shear force are closely correlated with the relative stiffness of the wall and frame. Finally, recommendations on the stiffness and strength of a pin‐supported wall are made. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Land cover mapping using time series HJ-1/CCD data

It is very difficult to have remote sensing data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency; thus, two categories of land-use mapping methodology have been developed separately for coarser resolution and finer resolution data. The first category uses time series of data to retrieve the variation of land surface for classification, which are usually used for coarser resolution data with high temporal frequency. The second category uses fine spatial resolution data to classify different land surface. With the launch of Chinese satellite constellation HJ-1in 2008, four 30 m spatial resolution CCDs with about 360 km coverage for each one onboard two satellites made a revisit period of two days, which brought a new type of data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency. Therefore, by taking the spatiotemporal advantage of HJ-1/CCD data we propose a new method for finer resolution land cover mapping using the time series HJ-1/CCD data, which can greatly improve the land cover mapping accuracy. In our two study areas, the very high resolution remote sensing data within Google Earth are used to validate the land cover mapping results, which shows a very high mapping accuracy of 95.76% and 83.78% and a high Kappa coefficient of 0.9423 and 0.8165 in the Dahuofang area of Liaoning Province and the Heiquan area of Gansu Province respectively.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳岩溶古地貌特征及综合地质模型

密切结合勘探实际,以钻井、测井等地质资料为主要依据,以鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳为对象,以多学科的地质理论与技术方法为指导,结合盆地构造演化,通过对奥陶系不整合侵蚀面上下地层组合情况的深入分析,把印模法与残厚法结果有机结合,深入探讨了奥陶系风化壳古地貌恢复的方法思路及其古地貌发育特征,探索了古地貌恢复的新方法--综合法,建立了解释和恢复古地貌单元属性的综合地质模型。研究结果表明：盆地东部奥陶系侵蚀不整合面上下的地层组合可以分别被划分为上薄下薄、上厚下厚、上厚下薄、上薄下厚4种基本型式以及上次厚下次薄、上次薄下次薄、上次薄下次厚、上次厚下次厚等8种子模型;相应的古地貌解释包括了岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡、岩溶盆地3个二级古地貌单元以及残丘、台地、残台、阶坪、沟谷、浅洼、深洼等11个三级古地貌单元。岩溶高地出现于研究区西南角,分布局限;岩溶斜坡占据了研究区的大部分,其主力地貌单元为斜坡台地与斜坡阶坪;岩溶盆地位于研究区东部,其主力地貌单元为盆地浅洼。     

网上房地产信息查询系统的设计

针对房地产信息查询的特点,设计了一个具有图形操作功能的查询系统,该系统具有图形操作、房产信息查询、三维显示与漫游等功能,可以较好地为用户提供网上查询服务。     

2008年3月21日新疆于田7.4级地震序列特征及震前部分地震学异常特征

The parameters,stress field background,geological tectonics and seismic sequence of the March 21,2008,M_S 7. 4 Yutian,Xinjiang earthquake are discussed in this paper. The characteristics of seismic activity in the epicenter and its adjacent region before the earthquake are analyzed; and a comparison is made between the M_S 7. 4 Yutian earthquake sequence,the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake sequence and the Wuqia M_S 6. 9 earthquake sequence. The results show the M_S 7. 4 Yutian earthquake occurred in the junction between the Altyn Tagh fault and the western Kunlun fault,resulting perhaps from the tensile fracture of the branch fault located southwest of the Ashikule basin due to left-1ateral dislocation of the Altyn Tagh fault; the seismic sequence is of main shock-aftershock type, the strongest aftershock being M_S 5. 8. The aftershocks attenuated quickly,and occurred in groups; the focal mechanism solutions and epicenter distribution have revealed a unilateral rupture source of this earthquake. Seismic activity shows that there was medium and medium-short term abnormity before the earthquake,but there was not short-imminent abnormity. Seismic activity of this earthquake sequence enhanced before the M_S 8. 0 Wenchuan and the M_S 6. 9 Wuqia earthquakes,showing the window effect to some extent.     

Unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling for a multiple media reservoir

The paper deals with unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling of underground fluid in a multiple media reservoir. Assuming spherical vugs, symmetrically distributed pressure, negligible inter-porosity flow between matrix and vug systems and centrifugal flow of the fluid from matrix blocks or vugs to fractures, and treating media directly connected with wellbore as the fracture system, we establish and solve a model of unsteady inter-porosity flow for dual and triple porosity media reservoirs. We provide simulated graphs of pressure and pressure derivative log-log type curves, and analyze the transient flow process and characteristics of type curves affected by different parameters. The new type curves of unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling are evidently different in shape and characteristics from those of pseudo-steady inter-porosity flow modeling. The location of dimensionless pressure of unsteady inter-porosity is lower than that of pseudo-steady inter-porosity, which indicates that unsteady inter-porosity flow accelerates an energy supplement during production. Qualitatively, the unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling reduces the classical V-shaped response. We also estimated parameters from well test data in real applications using this model.     

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水电工程坝址区构造应力场三维数值反演

以水电工程实例为背景,在现场调查和地应力测量的基础上,采用三维数值技术对水电站坝址区小范围内构造应力场进行了反演分析,通过对三维模型施加不同量值、不同方向的边界载荷,对比分析应力拟合点处的计算主应力与实测主应力之间的差别,从而得到最合理的边界载荷的量值和方向,即为坝址区构造应力场的量值和方向。计算结果表明：水电站坝址区构造应力场σ₁方向为S50°－60°E,量值为6～7 MPa;σ₃方向为N50°－60°E,量值为3～4 MPa。反演计算得到的坝址区构造应力场方向与区域应力场方向吻合,主应力量值也在合理范围内。     

辽河流域土壤酸化与作物籽实镉生物效应的地球化学预警

土壤酸化及其引发的生态安全问题是公众广泛关注、全球研究的热点。辽河流域多目标区域地球化学调查结果显示：当土壤中的w(CaO+K2O)≥3.86%时,土壤对酸性沉降物具有缓冲能力;当w(CaO+K₂O)<3.86%时,则土壤对酸性沉降物的缓冲能力显著下降。利用土壤酸化缓冲能力的地球化学预测模型,对全流域土壤酸化的缓冲能力进行了预测,指出辽河流域东部,即营口-鞍山-辽阳-沈阳-抚顺-铁岭-开源的广大区域内既是土壤酸化的脆弱区,也是作物籽实Cd超标的预警区,辽河流域土壤酸化区域将进一步扩大。