中新生代天山地区隆升历史的裂变径迹证据

本文对天山及其两侧盆地的8条典型地质剖面进行了大量的磷灰石裂变径迹测试,重点分析了天山地区不同区域的抬升历史的差异。结果表明天山主要经历4次构造抬升过程,每次抬升的范围并不相同,且存在东西差异:①早白垩世抬升,在天山南北两侧都有发生,且南边抬升早,北边抬升晚。本次抬升导致早中侏罗世天山地区准平原化状态开始解体,盆山分异开始出现;②晚白垩世抬升,从约96Ma开始,天山南侧为盆山同升的区域性隆升,天山北侧的抬升主要发生在东部地区;③古近纪抬升,从约46Ma开始,主要发生在中天山和南天山,造成天山两侧盆地物源区的重大变化,本次抬升为印度-亚洲碰撞在天山地区产生的最早的远程效应;④中新世以来的抬升,从约25Ma开始,主要发生在库车盆地北缘和北天山—准噶尔南缘。从抬升剥蚀量来看,从东向西逐渐变大。     

南海盆地新近纪浮游有孔虫带、气候、生物生产力爆炸事件和沉降速度的转换时限

依据浮游有孔虫带的研究,南海北部浅海区LH-19-4-1井和南海北部陆坡区ODP1148站更新世的N22带,晚上新世的N21带和N20带,早上新世的N19—N18带,中新世的N17带至N4带,和晚渐新世的N3带(N3带=P22带)的地层相当,可以对比。如生物多样性在时间上的变化所示,南海北部浅海区,从晚渐新世的N3带末期至更新世N22带经历了五次降温事件(C1—C5)。C1,晚渐新世N3带末期(23.20~23.40Ma),可能相当于Mi-1事件;C2,早中新世早期N4带中晚期(22.50~21.80Ma),它与Mi-1a事件相当,C2降温事件在陆坡区也有反应;C3,早中新世晚期N7带早中期(17.15~17.10Ma),可能相当Mi-1b事件;C4,中中新世中期N10带晚期(14.65~14.60Ma),可能与Mi-3事件相当;C5发生于早更新世N22带早期。14.60Ma是C4事件结束的时限、是本区古环境长时间尺度变化的时限,也是南海盆地在新近纪期间的沉降速度由慢速转入快速的时限。它还可能是青藏高原在中中新世中期开始由慢速隆升转入中速隆升变化的时限。本区从晚渐新世末期至更新世早期的环境为中-外浅海环境,在此期间,共有五次生物生产力爆炸事件(BEE1—BEE5)。BEE1和BEE2发生在早中新世早期N4带,23.2~21.5Ma期间;BEE3发生在早上新世N18—N19交界处,4.80Ma;BEE4发生在晚上新世晚期N21带,3.10~1.80Ma期间;BEE5发生在早更新世初期,1.60Ma。爆炸事件期间的生物生产力高出非爆炸事件期间平均生产力5~11倍,为原生油气藏提供了丰富的物源,给探寻原生油气田提供了重要的信息。     

Early Pliocene Paleoceanography of the Vityaz Fracture Zone, Central Indian Ridge

Planktic foraminifera from the calcareous substrate of a ferromanganese crust in the Vityaz Fracture Zone （VFZ）, Central Indian Ridge were studied to reconstruct the early Pliocene paleoceanography of this region. Eleven species of planktic foraminifera were encountered, among them Globorotalia menardii, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides tuber are prominent. Predominance of N. dutertrei in the top 3 cm of the carbonate substrate is attributed to an influx of fresh water which eventually triggered their productivity by increasing the nutrient level. The presence of G. bulloides and G. menardii in significant proportions in deeper layers suggests the prevalence of open ocean upwelling. The bulk chemical compositions of the substrate at different depth intervals indicates higher enrichment of trace metals in the upper sections which could have been supplied through oceanic water by the chemical weathering of terrestrial matter during the peak of Pliocene Asian monsoon. Thus, it is concluded that during the early Pliocene the biogenic components of the substrate were distinctly contributed by both upwelling and productivity triggered by an influx of fresh water originating from the intensification of the Asian monsoon during the early Pliocene Period.     

Preparation of Biomorphic SiC/C Ceramics from Pine Wood via Supercritical Ethanol Infiltration

Biomorphic （wood derived） carbide ceramics with an overall composition in the SiC/C was produced by supereritical ethanol infiltration of low viscosity tetraethylorthosilicate/supercritical ethanol into biologically derived carbon templates （CB-templates） and in situ hydrolysis into Si（OH）4-gel, the Si（OH）4-gel was calcined at 1400℃ to promote the polycondensation of Si（OH）4-gel into SiO2-phase and then carbonthermal reduction of the SiO2 with the biocarbon template into highly porous, biomorphic SiC/C ceramics. The phases and morphology conversion mechanism of resulting porous SiC/C ceramics have been investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. Experimental results showed that the biomorphic cellular morphology of pinewood charcoal was remained in the porous SiC/C ceramic with high precision that consisted of β-SiC with minority of α-SiC and the remain free carbon existed in amorphous phase.     

Multi-designated geoparks face challenges in China’s heritage conservation

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother pol- icy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Prov- ince, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled des- ignation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmoni- ous partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.     

鞍山地区3．8Ga变质石英闪长岩遭受3．0Ga构造热事件叠加——来自磷灰石SHRIMPU-Th-Pb定年证据

本文报道了鞍山地区3.8Ga(锆石SHRIMP年龄)变质石英闪长岩中磷灰石SHRIMP U-Th-Pb定年结果。32个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3007±22Ma,被解释为磷灰石的重结晶年龄。这一结果与该区存在约3.0Ga强烈岩浆构造热事件相吻合。虽然该区3.0Ga以后发生了一系列重要的陆壳增生和构造热事件,但磷灰石样品未获得任何年轻于3.0Ga年龄。磷灰石的重结晶温度为400～500℃之间。由此推论,鞍山地区的3.8Ga古老岩石自3.0Ga以后一直处于上部地壳,再没有到过15km以下的地壳深部。     

北祁连山西段北大河岩群碎屑锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年代学研究

白云母石英片岩中碎屑锆石的成因矿物学研究及SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄测定表明,北大河岩群变质沉积岩的蚀源区存在1400～3035Ma构造热事件,除了年龄为约2457Ma的变质事件外,主要表现为岩浆事件,其中以1800Ma左右的岩浆事件最为强烈,1400～1700Ma事件次之,中-新太古代的岩浆事件也比较明显;北大河岩群可能遭受过863Ma左右的变质作用影响,其沉积岩的沉积作用发生于1400Ma(最小的碎屑锆石年龄)至863Ma(变质年龄)之间,而不是前人所认为的古元古代;根据46%的碎屑锆石为1800Ma左右这一事实,最起码可以肯定北大河岩群的沉积年龄新于1800Ma;北大河岩群的蚀源区存在中-新太古代的古老陆壳。同时,北大河岩群碎屑锆石年龄资料也为朱龙关群蛇绿岩的形成时代提供了有力的制约:朱龙关群蛇绿岩很可能形成于早古生代,而非中元古代早期。     

2005年7月2S日黑龙江省林甸5．1级地震——地下流体前兆异常分析

分析了2005年7月25日林甸5．1级地震和2005年2月23日富裕3．7级地震前，林甸1井大地微电流、林甸04井的氦气和大庆地震台的地温异常变化。大地微电流在这2次地震前具有明显的异常变化，其异常幅度达正常背景值的10-20倍。氦气在林甸5．1级地震前具有明显前兆异常变化。     

Study on shear wave splitting in the after- shock region of the Yao′an earthquake in 2000

Introduction Rock microcracks in the crust play very important roles in all kinds of geophysical phe-nomenon variation (Aki et al, 1970; Crampin et al, 1980). The medium anisotropy of the upper crust has been studied extensively, mostly based on analysis on shear wave splitting from local earthquakes. Commonly, explanation for the upper crust anisotropy is the assumed ″extensive di-latancy anisotropy″ (Crampin, 1978) or its modified version ″anisotropic poroelasticity″ (Crampin and Zatse…     

Study on shallow structural features Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region

A seismic survey by 10 shallow profiles and 6 ultra-shallow profiles was performed in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region in 2002. The result shows that there are three （in some areas as many as seven） stable interfaces in the survey region, but no reflection phases are found in depths greater than 500 m. The number of interfaces in the southwestern part is obviously greater than in the northwestern part of Tianchi volcano, which suggests that the faults in the southwest have a stronger controlling power over the flow direction of volcano-spewed lava as compared with those in the northwest. Six shallow faults exist in the survey region. The shallow faults are nearly vertical graben-like faults and are mostly distributed on the southwest of Tianchi crater, indicating that volcanic activities in the southwest are stronger than in the northwest. On this ground, it could be further deduced that the NE-trending major fault of Tianchi volcano （ the Liudaogou-Tianchi-Zengfengshan fault） is more active than the NW-trending Baishanzhen-Tianchi-Jince fault.