From a mountain-rural to a plains-urban society: implications of the 1981 Nepalese Census

Preliminary results of the 1981 Nepal census are analyzed as to urbanization and population movement to the Terai. Noting the substantial shift in the pattern of Nepal's population distribution occurring between 1971-81, and projecting these rates of change for the future, the paper reports a process of transformation wherein Nepal is shifting from a rural hill and mountain society to an urban-subtropical plains (Terai) state. While the flow of migrants to urban areas and the Terai region is well known, the increase in rate of change poses a serious challenge for the Nepalese government. Economic development planning must readjust its goals and assumptions to take into account the massive metamorphosis that is occurring in Nepal. Development efforts aimed at rural hill and mountain areas may need to be reevaluated in light of the changing distribution of population.     

中国地震地下流体学科中心的技术系统

引言根据中国地震局地震前兆技术改造项目的设计要求 ,经过数字化改造的台站由所属省级前兆台网中心统一管理 ,在技术上归学科前兆台网中心指导。学科前兆台网中心分为测震、形变、地下流体和电磁等 4个学科分别建设 ,其中地下流体学科中心的建设由中国地震局地质研究所负责 ,其基本任务是实现地下流体前兆台网的计算机管理、前兆数据质量的计算机监控和前兆数据的共享。1　技术系统的组成地下流体学科中心技术系统由 2个层次的系统构成 ,第 1个层次是地下流体中心硬件系统 ,这是学科中心技术系统的基础 ;第 2个层次是 1个基于地下流体数据库的综合应用系统 ,该应用系统的基础和核心是地下流体数据库 ,包括数据接收、数据库管理应用、质量监控和数据服务 4个子系统。系统运行环境的软件配置为 :网络操作系统Ｗｉｎｄｏｗ 2 0 0 0Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ;Ｗｅｂ服务器ＩＩＳ ;数据库管理系统 (ＤＢＭＳ)ＳＱＬＳｅｖｅｒ 7.0。1 .1　硬件系统中心配有 1台服务器 (Ｄｅｌｌ)、3台ＰＣ机和计算机辅助设施。系统内 4台计算机均通过Ｈｕｂ与网络相连。其中Ｄｅｌｌ服务器被配置成主域控制器 ,与各省局前兆中心主域控制器建立域信任关系 ,并与主     

地下流体学科月、年评比数据报送软件

为了更好地完成向中国地震局地下流体学科技术管理组报送数字化月、年评比数据的工作,研制了地下流体学科月、年评比数据报送软件,实现了从天津预处理前兆数据库PDB_TJ中读取数字化数据,写入Excel生成附件文件,对数据个数进行检验,自动发送邮件等功能,使用起来方便快捷.     

应用Arc/Info建立湖北省区域稳定性评价空间数据库

以Arc/Info为基本工具,以遥感信息为获取、更新数据库数据的主要信息源,结合前人地学资料,建立了湖北省区域稳定性评价空间数据库,阐述了该空间数据库的内容、功能、应用和意义.     

The 1997/1998 mass mortality of corals: effects on fish communities on a Tanzanian coral reef

The abnormally high surface temperatures in the world's oceans during 1997/1998 resulted in widespread coral bleaching and subsequent coral mortality. An experiment was performed to study the effects of this coral mortality as well as the influence of the structural complexity on fish communities on a Tanzanian coral reef. Changes in fish communities were investigated on plots of transplanted corals after 88% of these corals had died. A distinct shift in fish community composition was found, although diversity was not affected. Fish abundance rose by 39% mostly due to an increase in herbivores, which seemed to benefit from enhanced algal growth on the dead corals. Fish abundance, species diversity and community composition were also strongly influenced by the structural complexity provided by the live and dead corals. This suggests that a coral reef can support abundant and diverse fish populations also after the corals have died as long as the reef structure is sustained.     

Detection of Extended Thermal Infrared Emission around the Vega-like Source HD 141569

We report the detection of extended IR emission at 10.8 and 18.2 μm around the Vega-like source HD 141569. Mid-IR imaging with OSCIR on Keck II shows emission from dust extending out to 100 AU from the B9.5 Ve star. Our modeling of the dust places an upper limit of approximately 2 μm on the diameter of the mid-IR-emitting particles if they are Mie spheres of astronomical silicates. Comparison of our mid-IR images to the near-IR (1.1 μm) NICMOS images of HD 141569 (Weinberger et al. 1999) shows that the mid-IR emission originates at smaller distances from the star than the scattered near-IR light, as also previously observed for the archetype Vega-like source beta Pictoris.     

地下水化学异常信息迁移的水动力学模型实验研究

地下水化学组份的震前异常特征之一是异常形态多样,异常幅度不等,形态与幅度方面表现出复杂性。为揭示这种复杂性的实质,进行了水动力模型实验研究。研究结果表明,脉冲状水化学异常信息在含水层系统中的迁移规律是复杂的,随着迁移距离的增大信息幅度的衰减是明显的,甚至异常形态也有变异。异常信息的这种变化牲学与含水受层受力状态的不同有关。     

溶解气运移特征砂槽模型实验研究

借助于砂槽承压含水层模型 ,以氩溶解气为研究对象 ,模拟气体聚集或稀释的异常源产生后 ,其在含水层中的运移过程。实验包括三组 ,分别模拟在不同的气源气体流量、水头压力和承压荷载条件下氩溶解气的运移过程。在实验的基础上 ,分析研究氩溶解气的运移特征 (主要包括运移模式、运移速率和溶解气峰值含量 )与气源气体流量、水位和承压荷载压力的关系。结果表明氩溶解气在低流量的范围内呈现出与离子类似的弥散特征 ,与离子不同的是氩溶解气的运移明显地受到气源气体流量的影响。     

地下流体井水温数据质量评价指标探讨

针对我国井水温监测现状以及现行的数据质量评价指标存在的主要问题,提出了干扰时强、动态特征、水温传感器置深合理性和信息反映能力4个新的井水温数据质量评价指标。新的评价指标是对现行评价指标的有效补充,为制定新的井水温数据质量评价方案提供参考。