流体（水）在孕震过程中的作用

本文在DD模式和IPE模式的基础上,提出了流体（水）扩散造成失稳的想法。对孕震过程的四个阶段给出了初步的定量讨论,突出了流体（水）的作用。以波速比前兆为例,求出了孕震时间的计算公式,发现孕震时间和余震区特征长度的平方并不严格成正比,可能含有一个三次因子。在作了适当近似和简化后,本文以实际数字对所求得的公式作了检验,计算结果和经验值吻合较好。     

河南嵩山区震旦系古构造型式

引言前人对本区震旦系的研究多侧重地层的划分和对比,而对其构造则重视不够。作者等虽多年来着重研究本区的构造形变史,但对震旦系构造特征的认识,长期以来只看到一些表面现象,而对其本质的认识则经历了一个不断反复和深化的过程。首先是震旦系和寒武系的接触关系,在豫西、华北乃至中国东部,它们之间都主要是假整合的平行接触关系,也就是在震旦纪末波状运动基础上,寒武纪海浸超覆。     

INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA

In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way.     

青藏高原多,少雪年后期西北干旱区降水的对比分析

利用１９５７－１９９０年高原地区的雪深,地面气温,地温以及西北干旱区部分站强降水量资料等,进行了高原地区多,少雪年积雪特下,地震热状况以及西北干旱区的期降水量的对比分析和相关分析。     

广武新灌区春小麦土壤水分变化规律研究

通过对广武新灌区春小麦土壤水分的垂直变化、季节变化和时空变化的研究,将广武新灌区０～１００ｃｍ土层划分为活跃层、贮水层、阻隔层和无效水分层,为寻找新灌区节水途径奠定了基础。     

华北地区几次大震前的b值异常变化

研究了华北地区几次大震周围的较小区域内和较大区域内的b值变化.发现了较小区域内的b值随时间先升高后逐步降低,直至最低值,震前又有所回升才发震;较大区域内的b值随时间的变化,在大震前有个明显的峰值期,其峰值期的长短与大震震级有关. 另外,研究了b值从大震震中向外随区域扩展的变化,发现b值从震中向外有逐步增高的趋势.在大震震中附近有个低b值区域,其外围有个高b值区域.     

关于黄土碳酸盐与气候环境关系探讨

黄土中碳酸盐与气候环境密切相关。从碳酸盐的成因看，干冷的气候利于原生碳酸盐的保存，而温湿的气候使大量的次生碳酸盐产生。碳酸盐的存在形式与降水量多少有关，降水量大可形成结核层和钙板等，而降水量小则形成各种胶膜。胶膜中各种不同形态的方解石胶膜又可反映不同的气候条件。黄土一古土壤中形成的碳酸盐实际上在古土壤期形成的碳酸盐要高于黄土期形成的，只是由于古土壤期强烈的风化淋溶作用，大量的碳酸盐从古土壤中淀积到下伏的黄土层中。黄土中CaCO3的淀积可分为连续淀积和不连续淀积两类。依据淀积深度和降水量的关系，可建立二者定量的关系。从黄土碳酸盐的不同方面，得到其与气候环境关系较为全面的认识。     

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组—平湖组深层油气成藏过程

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组和平湖组深层油气资源丰富，是东海陆架盆地勘探开发新领域，受储层差异致密化影响，油气成藏机理复杂。为了厘清西次凹深层油气成藏过程，本文通过流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体所含油气地球化学等实验分析，结合构造演化、地层埋藏史、热史等，开展了系统的储层特征、油气成藏期次、成藏过程研究。结果表明，花港组深层（>4000 m）和平湖组储层均已致密化，溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集孔隙类型；花港组和平湖组均发育两期油气包裹体，早期含油包裹体较多，晚期以天然气包裹体为主，成藏时间分别为龙井运动期和冲绳运动期，以晚期天然气成藏最为关键。包裹体中油气地球化学特征类似，反映生烃母质以高等植物生源为主，低等生物为辅，与平湖组煤系烃源岩特征一致。冲绳运动叠加平湖组生气增压是晚期天然气成藏的主要动力，此时H10段及以上储层未致密化。根据储层致密化与成藏时序匹配关系可将西次凹M构造深层油气藏类型划分为常规型、先成藏后致密型、先致密后成藏型和边成藏边致密型4种。本文成果可为研究区下一步致密砂岩气的勘探开发部署提供重要的理论依据。     

基于形态法的西北太平洋柔鱼种群结构研究

西北太平洋柔鱼是我国鱿钓渔业重要捕捞对象,种群结构是渔业生物学研究的基础内容.文中根据2007年7~10月40°N~45°N,151°E~158°E海域连续采集的1 342尾柔鱼样本,测定其胴长(ML)、腕长等12项形态指标,利用正态线性转化、主成分分析和判别分析等方法研究雌雄个体的种群结构.结果表明,该海域雌、雄柔鱼均存在大小2个种群.均数差异显著性表明,雌性个体2个种群在MW/ML和FW/ML存在显著差异,雄性个体在MW/ML和AL_3/ML存在显著差异,但其形态差异仍属于种内差异.主成分分析和逐步判别分析的判别准确率(雌性60.3%,雄性60.1%),说明所划分的种群在部分形态比指标上差异明显.研究认为,形态学指标可初步区分西北太平洋柔鱼种群,但需结合其他生态学指标和耳石等硬组织进一步划分.     

财政局地理信息系统的设计与实现

本文分析了当前财政局管理信息系统存在的问题,提出将地理信息系统技术、网络技术、数据库技术运用到财政管理中,建立财政局地理信息系统;文章重点研究了财政局地理信息系统的结构及功能,并结合北京市财政局地理信息系统开发实例,阐述了财政局地理信息系统的核心功能和系统实现方法。