PM2.5降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响

将不同浓度PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,利用MTT法检测其存活率,W-G染色观察细胞形态,荧光探针法检测细胞ROS和MMP相对水平,以探讨PM_(2.5)降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响及作用机制。结果显示,经12. 5μg/m L的PM_(2.5)降尘作用A549细胞3 h后,细胞存活率为(81. 77±6. 15)%,并随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势。PM_(2.5)染毒后可观察到细胞形态不规则,胞膜溶解破坏,细胞微核出现。PM_(2.5)降尘作用于细胞24 h后,胞内ROS相对含量随暴露浓度增加呈递增趋势,细胞MMP相对水平随染毒浓度增加而降低,且胞内ROS和MMP两者间存在显著相关关系(R2=0. 878)。提示PM_(2.5)降尘处理A549细胞后可通过刺激ROS的产生,诱导细胞MMP下降,造成细胞线粒体氧化损伤。     

西南地区2001-2014年植被变化时空格局

时序植被动态变化研究一直是全球变化研究的热点之一,对地区生态治理有重要意义。基于西南地区2001至 2014年的MODIS植被指数数据集以及DEM数据和土地利用数据,进行季节合成植被指数（SINDVI）的趋势模拟、空间统计和相关分析,探讨西南地区植被变化趋势和空间分异特征,研究结果表明:（1）74.52%的区域SINDVI变化不显著,显著改善的区域占22.07%,而显著退化的区域占3.41%,改善面积远远大于退化面积。（2）从地形因子结果来看,中低海拔地区和缓坡地区植被变化趋势最明显,海拔3 500 m以下植被变化趋势比海拔3 500 m以上明显。随着坡度的增加,改善趋势和退化趋势都在变小。（3）从土地利用分析结果来看,SINDVI变化趋势在人工表面最明显,改善和退化趋势都相对较大。（4）受人类活动的影响,人工表面和裸地的增多、林地的减少是植被呈退化趋势的主要原因。      

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体演化对成矿的制约

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造演化、流体演化与成矿之间具有密切关系,处于一个统一系统中。矿床成岩期方解石中包裹体水的δD值为-65.3‰~-99.2‰,改造成矿期石英包裹体水的δD值为-77.7‰~-96.3‰,成岩成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-3.22‰~1.84‰,改造成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示萨热克铜矿成岩期、改造期成矿流体主要为中生代大气降水及其经水岩作用而成的盆地卤水。矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S值为-24.7‰~-15.4‰,指示硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原,部分源于有机硫。构造与成矿流体演化对砂岩铜矿成矿起关键制约作用。盆地发展早期强烈的抬升运动使盆地周缘基底与古生界剥蚀,为富铜矿源层的形成提供了丰富物源,至晚侏罗世盆地发展晚期,长期演化积聚的巨量含矿流体在库孜贡苏组砾岩胶结物及裂隙中富集,在萨热克巴依盆地内形成具有经济意义的砂岩型铜矿床。     

大兴安岭扎兰屯地区晚奥陶世石英闪长岩体岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

扎兰屯音河岩体被音河水系分为南、北两部分,研究发现南、北岩体形成年代不同,选取南部岩体(称为二村岩体)进行研究。二村岩体主要由石英闪长岩-英云闪长岩组成,石英闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为444.0±4.6Ma,时代为晚奥陶世。岩石化学组成相对富钠、贫钾,Na2O/K2O值大于1(1.73~3.17),属中钾钙碱性系列。岩石富含轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K,显著亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。矿物组成及岩石地球化学特征指示其为I型花岗岩。岩体的形成时代、构造背景与多宝山岛弧火成岩相似,为区域多宝山岛弧西南向延伸提供了新的制约。     

内蒙古赤峰地区早二叠世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

以赤峰地区铭山复式岩体、尖山子岩体为研究对象,通过锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学研究,确定了其形成时代,探讨了岩石成因和岩浆源区性质及其形成的构造背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U测年结果表明,铭山复式岩体中灰白色斑状黑云二长花岗岩、尖山子岩体中浅肉红色细粒正长花岗岩分别形成于284.4±7.9Ma、294.7±8.5Ma,为早二叠世。根据地质体间接触关系可知,铭山复式岩体中的二长花岗岩岩体和尖山子岩体均为复式岩体,有待进一步解体。斑状黑云二长花岗岩SiO_2含量较高,K_2O+Na_2O含量较高,A/CNK1,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。细粒正长花岗岩Al_2O_3含量为14.32%~15.14%,Na_2O/K_2O=0.71~0.99,A/CNK=1.17~1.20,在标准矿物中出现刚玉分子。二者微量元素特征相似,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,具Sr、P、Ti的负异常,表现出岛弧岩浆岩类特征。结合岩石地球化学、区域地质特征,认为赤峰地区早二叠世岩体形成于岛弧/活动大陆边缘构造背景,其形成与古亚洲洋向南俯冲有关。     

基于无人机载LiDAR的采煤沉陷监测技术方法——以宁东煤矿基地马连台煤矿为例

探索采煤地表沉陷的高新监测技术方法是推动采煤沉陷监测的重要工作,无人机载LiDAR采煤塌陷监测技术是无人机与LiDAR构建的一种新型低空三维空间测量技术。以宁东煤炭基地马莲台煤矿采煤沉陷区为例,采用无人机机载LiDAR监测技术获取了2017年4月及8月2期三维点云数据,通过数据三维建模和沉降信息提取,得到了地面沉陷情况的三维立体图,监测出了3处地面沉降区,并利用实测水准点和已有GPS自动监测站数据,对该技术监测地面沉降的精度进行评估。研究结果表明,无人机机载LiDAR监测技术方法可满足采煤塌陷的立体监测需求,具有机动灵活、成本低、效率高、精度高等特点,未来可在类似地区推广应用。     

滇西云县地区团梁子岩组变质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

滇西云县—景洪一带广泛出露的中元古界团梁子岩组是一套与扬子基底岩系密切相关的中低变质沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时代、沉积充填序列及大地构造属性一直存在争议。出露于云县漫湾地区的团梁子岩组发育厚数米的绿片岩(原岩玄武岩)及绢云石英千枚岩(原岩流纹岩)。采集绢云石英千枚岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得1497±14Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和893±17.3Ma、425±15.7Ma、321±27Ma的变质年龄。认为团梁子岩组中以绿片岩、绢云石英千枚岩为主体的原始沉积岩系形成于中元古代中期,在新元古代全球性的格林威尔造山过程中被青白口纪花岗岩侵入并发生变质作用;在古特提斯洋俯冲过程中,经历古生代造弧作用;同时还获单颗粒2310±15Ma的碎屑锆石,推测滇西云县地区应存在古元古代的结晶基底,由此可知,团梁子岩组应是扬子陆块褶皱基底岩系的组成部分。     

Investigation of gas content of organic-rich shale:A case study from Lower Permian shale in southern North China Basin,central China

Measuring gas content is an essential step in estimating the commerciality of gas reserves. In this study,eight shale core samples from the Mouye-1 well were measured using a homemade patented gas desorption apparatus to determine their gas contents. Due to the air contamination that is introduced into the desorption canister, a mathematical method was devised to correct the gas quantity and quality.Compared to the chemical compositions of desorbed gas, the chemical compositions of residual gas are somewhat different. In residual gas, carbon dioxide and nitrogen record a slight increase, and propane is first observed. This phenomenon may be related to the exposure time during the transportation of shale samples from the drilling site to the laboratory, as well as the differences in the mass, size and adsorptivity of different gas molecules. In addition to a series of conventional methods, including the USBM direct method and the Amoco Curve Fit(ACF) method, which were used here for lost gas content estimation, a Modified Curve Fit(MCF) method, based on the 'bidisperse' diffusion model, was established to estimate lost gas content. By fitting the ACF and MCF models to gas desorption data, we determined that the MCF method could reasonably describe the gas desorption data over the entire time period, whereas the ACF method failed. The failure of the ACF method to describe the gas desorption process may be related to its restrictive assumption of a single pore size within shale samples. In comparison to the indirect method, this study demonstrates that none of the three methods studied in this investigation(USBM, ACF and MCF) could individually estimate the lost gas contents of all shale samples and that the proportion of free gas relative to total gas has a significant effect on the estimation accuracy of the selected method. When the ratio of free gas to total gas is lower than 45%, the USBM method is the best for estimating the lost gas content, whereas when the ratio ranges from 45% to 75% or is more than 75%, the ACF and MCF methods, are the best options respectively.     

Impact of recharge water temperature on bioclogging during managed aquifer recharge: a laboratory study

To investigate the effect of recharge water temperature on bioclogging processes and mechanisms during seasonal managed aquifer recharge (MAR), two groups of laboratory percolation experiments were conducted: a winter test and a summer test. The temperatures were controlled at ~5±2 and ~15±3 °C, and the tests involved bacterial inoculums acquired from well water during March 2014 and August 2015, for the winter and summer tests, respectively. The results indicated that the sand columns clogged ~10 times faster in the summer test due to a 10-fold larger bacterial growth rate. The maximum concentrations of total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the winter test were approximately twice those in the summer test, primarily caused by a ~200 μg/g sand increase of both loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). In the first half of the experimental period, the accumulation of bacteria cells and EPS production induced rapid bioclogging in both the winter and summer tests. Afterward, increasing bacterial growth dominated the bioclogging in the summer test, while the accumulation of LB-EPS led to further bioclogging in the winter test. The biological analysis determined that the dominant bacteria in experiments for both seasons were different and the bacterial community diversity was ~50% higher in the winter test than that for summer. The seasonal inoculums could lead to differences in the bacterial community structure and diversity, while recharge water temperature was considered to be a major factor influencing the bacterial growth rate and metabolism behavior during the seasonal bioclogging process.     

Residual-state creep of clastic soil in a reactivated slow-moving landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China

We study the creep properties of clastic soil in residual state. The intact samples are taken from a reactivated slow-moving landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Firstly, the patterns of the landslide movement are analysed based on recent monitoring data, which indicate that the soil within the shear zone is undergoing two deformation processes: a creep phase, characterised by different creep rates, and a dormant phase. We then study the creep behaviour of the soil samples through a series of ring shear creep tests under various shear stress conditions. The creep response depends strongly on the ratio of the shear stress to the residual strength, and the normal effective stress, whereas the creep rate decreases due to strength regain. The long-term strength of the clastic soil is close to the residual strength. Therefore, the residual strength obtained from conventional shear test, which is less time consuming than creep test, can be used in long-term stability analyses of creeping landslides.