时序InSAR滑坡探测与DEM误差影响分析

以贵州省西南山区为例,针对地质灾害隐患早期识别的实际情况和需求,开展差分干涉测量和时序InSAR方法的对比实验,以验证时序InSAR在抗误差干扰、探测微小形变、捕捉形变序列演化趋势等方面的能力;再基于高精度LiDAR DEM数据进一步研究DEM误差对时序InSAR处理结果的影响。实验表明,时序InSAR方法无法完全剔除DEM误差,从而导致形变速率、形变序列估计不准,在开展精细化InSAR形变分析时应尽可能选取高精度的外部DEM数据,以保证正确估计地质灾害隐患形变特征。     

Microbenthic distribution of Proterozoic tidal flats: environmental and taphonomic considerations

Silicified carbonates of the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic Society Cliffs Formation, Baffin Island, contain distinctive microfabrics and microbenthic assemblages whose paleo-environmental distribution within the formation parallels the distribution of these elements through Proterozoic time. In the Society Cliffs Formation, restricted carbonates--including microdigitate stromatolites, laminated tufa, and tufted microbial mats--consist predominantly of synsedimentary cements; these facies and the cyanobacterial fossils they contain are common in Paleoproterozoic successions but rare in Neoproterozoic and younger rocks. Less restricted tidal-flat facies in the formation are composed of laminated microbialites dominated by micritic carbonate lithified early, yet demonstrably after compaction; these strata contain cyanobacteria that are characteristic in Neoproterozoic rocks. Within the formation, the facies-dependent distribution of microbial populations reflects both the style and timing of carbonate deposition because of the strong substrate specificity of benthic cyanobacteria. A reasonable conclusion is that secular changes in microbenthic assemblages through Proterozoic time reflect a decrease in the overall representation of rapidly lithified carbonate substrates in younger peritidal environments, as well as concomitant changes in the taphonomic window of silicification through which early life is observed.     

朝鲜半岛及黄海板内地震的体波分析

本文研究了朝鲜半岛及黄海板内４次中强度浅震，求出它们的震源机制、震源深度、震源时间函数及地震矩。结是要发现，用短周期合成地震图与观测结果对比求得的震源深度是很浅的，在６－９ｋｍ之间。为了测定震源机制、震源时间函数及地震矩，我们根据ＧＤＳＮ资料反演了远震长周期Ｐ与ＳＨ波。反演虽仅依据少数远震体波作出，但矩张量的辐射图形与在近震及远震距离上观测到的大多数Ｐ波初动方向一致。相对振幅及波形在观测结果与合成     

Concentrations of Cd,Zn and Cu in sediments and brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) from the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel,UK

Cd, Zn and Cu levels were determined in sediments and Crangon crangon from 9 sites in the Severn Estuary/Bristol Channel during winter 1999. Metal levels in both shrimp and sediments varied significantly between sites and were related to proximity of input and/or sediment type. In the upper Estuary, Cd levels in shrimp were 100x higher than other reported values whereas sediment Cd contamination was comparable. It is suggested that high Cd levels in shrimp are due to the high inputs and enhanced bioavailability of metal during winter.     

利用COSMIC RO数据分析青藏高原平流层重力波活动特征

本文利用2006年5月至2013年4月COSMIC干温廓线数据,提取了青藏高原地区大气重力波势能,以此研究了青藏高原大气重力波势能的分布频率模型和大气重力波活动的时空变化特征,并进一步分析了高原大气重力波活动与高原地形、风速和高原大陆热辐射之间的相关性.青藏高原地区大气重力波势能的分布频率服从对数生长分布;青藏高原地区大气重力波在16~18km和28~31km高度较活跃,而在20~26km高度较平静;高原大陆边缘各季节重力波活动均较活跃,而高原大陆上空大气重力波活动呈明显季节性变化,其在冬春季节较活跃,在夏秋季节较平静;2010年冬季青藏高原大气重力波活动异常平静;各季节整个高原上空大气重力波活跃度有随大气高度升高而降低的趋势,高原上低层大气重力波向高层传播会发生耗散作用.地形与风速是影响青藏高原大气重力波活动的重要因素.地形主要影响平流层底部的重力波活动;纬向风比经向风对该地区平流层大气重力波活动的影响大,纬向风总体上会促进高原大气重力波活动.青藏高原大陆热辐射对高原大气的加热作用是导致青藏高原大气重力波活动呈季节性变化的重要因素.     

Numerical modelling of floating debris in the world's oceans

A global ocean circulation model is coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking model to simulate 30 years of input, transport and accumulation of floating debris in the world ocean. Using both terrestrial and maritime inputs, the modelling results clearly show the formation of five accumulation zones in the subtropical latitudes of the major ocean basins. The relative size and concentration of each clearly illustrate the dominance of the accumulation zones in the northern hemisphere, while smaller seas surrounded by densely populated areas are also shown to have a high concentration of floating debris. We also determine the relative contribution of different source regions to the total amount of material in a particular accumulation zone. This study provides a framework for describing the transport, distribution and accumulation of floating marine debris and can be continuously updated and adapted to assess scenarios reflecting changes in the production and disposal of plastic worldwide.     

Measuring the hydraulic conductivity of shallow submerged sediments

The hydraulic conductivity of submerged sediments influences the interaction between ground water and surface water, but few techniques for measuring K have been described with the conditions of the submerged setting in mind. Two simple, physical methods for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of submerged sediments have been developed, and one of them uses a well and piezometers similar to well tests performed in terrestrial aquifers. This test is based on a theoretical analysis that uses a constant-head boundary condition for the upper surface of the aquifer to represent the effects of the overlying water body. Existing analyses of tests used to measure the hydraulic conductivity of submerged sediments may contain errors from using the same upper boundary conditions applied to simulate terrestrial aquifers. Field implementation of the technique requires detecting minute drawdowns in the vicinity of the pumping well. Low-density oil was used in an inverted U-tube manometer to amplify the head differential so that it could be resolved in the field. Another technique was developed to measure the vertical hydraulic conductivity of sediments at the interface with overlying surface water. This technique uses the pan from a seepage meter with a piezometer fixed along its axis (a piezo-seep meter). Water is pumped from the pan and the head gradient is measured using the axial piezometer. Results from a sandy streambed indicate that both methods provide consistent and reasonable estimates of K. The pumping test allows skin effects to be considered, and the field data show that omitting the skin effect (e.g., by using a single well test) can produce results that underestimate the hydraulic conductivity of streambeds.     

新疆阿尔金长沙沟一带奥陶纪辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

通过对新疆阿尔金长沙沟一带详细的野外地质调查,笔者首次解体出了奥陶纪辉长岩。采用高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年法获得了其206Pb/238 U年龄加权平均值为(444.9±3.4)Ma(n=9,MSWD=1.83),可能代表了南阿尔金洋盆封闭后的一次岩浆事件。对岩石地球化学研究,表明该区辉长岩分异指数DI=35.26~44.76,固结指数SI=20.24~31.43,反映岩浆结晶分异程度较低;里特曼指数σ=3.26~9.49,A/CNK=0.75~0.82,属准铝质钙碱碱性系列;稀土总量较高,∑REE=237.39×10-6~329.26×10-6,(La/Yb)N=6.14~8.55,轻、重稀土分馏较明显,REE配分曲线向右缓倾,Eu负异常不明显;Ba、Hf、Rb、Th、U含量明显偏高;Rb/Sr=0.04~0.47,明显低于陆壳平均值。结合区域地质背景及R1-R2图解指示:该套辉长岩应形成于板块碰撞前-碰撞后的抬升阶段,主要受阿尔金南深大断裂控制,为伸展构造环境下形成的幔源型侵入岩,可能为南阿尔金洋盆封闭后最近的一次伸展事件的产物。