海水养殖水体中的病害纤毛虫

对黄渤海区海珍品育苗、养殖水体中的致病性纤毛虫的区系构成、分布、危害及防治措施做了初步探讨,给出了迄今所知的在上述水域内检出的72种自由生、共栖生、寄生和周丛生种类的相对数量和名称。     

Assessment of radiation exposure to human and non-human biota due to natural radionuclides in terrestrial environment of Belgrade,the capital of Serbia

The main focus of this study was to assess radiation exposure to human and non-human biota due to natural radionuclides in soil of the Serbian capital. For the first time, ERICA tool was employed for calculation of gamma dose rates to non-human biota in this area. In analyzed soils, the mean values of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K specific activities were found to be 35, 43 and 490 Bq kg^?1, respectively. The distribution of analyzed natural radionuclides in soils was discussed in respect to its statistically significant correlations with sand, silt, clay, carbonates, cation exchange capacity and pH value. The annual outdoor effective dose rates to the population varied from 48 to 98 μSv, and the total dose rates to terrestrial biota, calculated by ERICA tool, varied from 9.84?×?10^?2 μGy h^?1 (for tree) to 5.54?×?10⁺⁰ μGy h^?1 (for lichen and bryophytes). The results obtained could serve as a baseline data for the assessment of possible anthropogenic enhancement of the total dose rate to human and non-human biota of the study area.     

川西平武县虎牙地区旅游扶贫初步研究

旅游扶贫具有其它扶贫方式不可替代的优越性,是各级政府减贫的重要手段。平武县虎牙地区位于四川盆地西部,是一个以藏族为主的少数民族贫困社区。该区旅游资源丰富,品味极高,具有发展旅游的天然优势。由于政府角色缺失、多头管理等原因,当地资源优势并没有转化为经济优势,少量居民自发的、守株待兔式的参与旅游,从中获利甚少。现阶段当地政府应转变职能,在保护生态环境的前提下,实施旅游扶贫。     

Recent,very rapid retreat of a temperate glacier in SE Iceland

Iceland's glaciers are particularly sensitive to climate change, and their margins respond to trends in air temperature. Most Icelandic glaciers have been in retreat since c. 1990, and almost all since 1995. Using ice‐front measurements, photographic and geomorphological evidence, we examined the record of ice‐front fluctuations of Virkisjökull–Falljökull, a steep high‐mass‐turnover outlet glacier in maritime SE Iceland, in order to place recent changes in a longer‐term (80‐year) context. Detailed geomorphological mapping identifies two suites of annual push moraines: one suite formed between c. 1935 and 1945, supported by lichenometric dating; the other between 1990 and 2004. Using moraine spacing as a proxy for ice‐front retreat rates, we show that average retreat rates during the 1930s and 1940s (28 m a^?1) were twice as high as during the period from 1990 to 2004 (14 m a^?1). Furthermore, we show that both suites of annual moraines are associated with above‐average summer temperatures. Since 2005, however, retreat rates have increased considerably – averaging 35 m a^?1 – with the last 5 years representing the greatest amount of ice‐front retreat (～190 m) in any 5‐year period since measurements began in 1932. We propose that this recent, rapid, ice‐front retreat and thinning in a decade of unusually warm summers has resulted in a glaciological threshold being breached, with subsequent large‐scale stagnation of the glacier terminus (i.e. no forward movement) and the cessation of annual push‐moraine formation. Breaching this threshold has, we suggest, caused further very rapid non‐uniform retreat and downwasting since 2005 via a system feedback between surface melting, glacier thinning, decreased driving stress and decreased forward motion.     

The Energy of High-Frequency Waves in the Low Solar Chromosphere

High-frequency acoustic waves have been suggested as a source of mechanical heating in the chromosphere. In this work the radial component of waves in the frequency interval 22 to 1 mHz are investigated. Observations were performed using 2D spectroscopy in the spectral lines of Fe i 543.45 nm and Fe i 543.29 nm at the Vacuum Tower Telescope, Tenerife, Spain. Speckle reconstruction has been applied to the observations. We have used Fourier and wavelet techniques to identify oscillatory power. The energy flux is estimated by assuming that all observed oscillations are acoustic running waves. We find that the estimated energy flux is not sufficient to cover the chromospheric radiative losses.     

Spatial patterns and drivers of fire occurrence in a Mediterranean environment: a case study of southern Croatia

Wildfires are an important factor of landscape dynamics in fire-prone environments of the world. In the Mediterranean, one of the most fire-susceptible environments globally, between 45,000 and 50,000 wildfires are recorded every year, causing disturbances in forest and grassland ecosystems. As a Mediterranean country, Croatia faces these problems, averaging over 1000 registered wildfires annually, with the coastal areas dominated by forest fires and continental Croatia by fires on agricultural lands. This research combines various landscape and socio-economic factors in the analysis of fire occurrence in Croatia’s southernmost region of Dalmatia. Around 275 of the largest fires (encompassing 98% of the total burnt area) registered in 2013 were investigated using OLS, and different spatial indices were employed to analyse regional variability in fire distribution. The results revealed that areas more prone to fires are the northern inland areas of Dalmatia and its entire coastal zone. Altitude and vegetation type demonstrated a correlation with fire occurrence, but an increase in population in the study area was also correlated with wildfire occurrence. Regarding vegetation, the grasslands and Mediterranean shrubland (maquis) were found to be the most fire-prone vegetation types in the study region, the distribution of which can be linked to different socio-economic and demographic processes occurring in the Eastern Adriatic.