Impacts of the tectonic stress field on natural gas migration and accumulation: A case study of the Kuqa Depression in the Tarim Basin,China

Stress, fluid and temperature are three of the major factors that impact natural gas migration and accumulation. In order to study the influences of tectonic stress field on natural gas migration and accumulation in low-permeability rocks, we take the Kuqa Depression as an example and analyze the evolution of the structure and tectonic stress field at first. Then we study the influences of tectonic stress field at different tectonic episodes on fractures and fluid potentials through the numerical simulation method on the section across the KL2 gas field. We summarize two aspects of the impact of the tectonic stress field on natural gas migration and accumulation. Firstly, under the effects of the tectonic stress field, the rock dilation increases with the added stress and strain, and when the shear stress of rock exceeds its shear strength, the shear fractures are well developed. On one hand, the faults which communicate with the hydrocarbon source rocks become the main pathways for natural gas migration. On the other hand, these positions where fractures are well developed near faults can become good reservoirs for natural gas accumulation. Secondly, because fluid potentials decrease in these places near the faults where fractures are well developed, natural gas can migrate rapidly along the faults and accumulates. The impact of tectonic stress fields on natural gas migration and accumulation allows for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the low-permeability rocks in an active tectonic compressive setting.     

环保型微位移器的研究

地形变定点观测仪器的标定中使用较多的水银胀盒标定器虽有准确、快捷、方便的优点 ,然而 ,水银泄漏污染了环境 ,可使观测人员中毒。在对水银胀盒标定器深入分析的基础上 ,提出使用方便、无环境污染的弹性微位移器的构思 ,并通过实验数据进一步探讨了将其用于微形变测量仪器标定的可能性。     

浮游软体动物长角螺属(Clio)种类的分类学和谱系地理学

许多终生浮游软体动物接近全球分布或呈环球分布,是海洋酸化和谱系地理学研究的良好材料。本文以西北太平洋和北印度洋的长角螺属(Clio)种类为材料,通过测定其线粒体COI基因(mtCOI,55条)和核18S rRNA基因(9条)序列,结合数据库中已有的序列,对该属进行了分类学和谱系地理学研究。结果表明,矛头长角螺(C. pyramidata)和尖棘长角螺(C. cuspidata)在mtCOI基因系统树中均形成4个明显分化的谱系分支,分别为支系A–D和支系E–H。矛头长角螺的支系A为全球分布,中国海及邻近海域可能仅有支系A的存在,支系B、C和D分布于特定海域。尖棘长角螺也存在明显的谱系地理结构,西北太平洋北赤道流南北两侧存在2个不同的支系,分布于吕宋海峡的支系E为一新的谱系分支。各支系内mtCOI基因的K2P遗传距离在0~0.026之间,支系间的遗传距离在0.031~0.089之间。膨凸长角螺(C. convexa)和曲形长角螺(C. recurva)没有明显的地理遗传分化。18S rRNA基因支持支系D为独立种,但不支持其他支系的划分。矛头长角螺和尖棘长角螺内部可能存在隐存多样性。洋流可能会成为物种扩布和基因交流的障碍。     

基于核磁共振的不同含水率黄土古土壤冻融循环试验研究

为明确不同含水率古土壤在冻融循环作用下其微观结构特性及古土壤损伤机制,采用核磁共振扫描仪对不同含水率冻融循环后的古土壤试样进行测试,研究冻融循环和含水率共同作用对古土壤微观结构的影响及土体内部损伤变化。结果表明:冻融循环下不同含水率使土体内部产生不同程度的损伤,损伤程度为含水率大的土体大于含水率小的土体。随着冻融循环次数增加,T₂谱曲线信号幅度增加,孔隙结构改变,大孔隙、最大孔隙含量增加,中孔隙含量减小; 同时含水率较大的土体孔隙体积增大幅度大于含水率较小的土体,说明在季节冻土区建设工程中含水率越大土体越易发生破坏,因此在工程中应注意防排水问题。依据损伤力学原理,得出土体颗粒连续性与孔隙率关系,进而得出有效应力与孔隙率关系; 根据核磁扫描结果,建立孔隙率与冻融循环次数关系,最终推导出古土壤有效应力与冻融循环次数关系表达式。研究成果为季节冻土区古土壤地层建设工程提供理论指导。     

再论鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长73砂层组与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩

针对自然伽马等常规测井系列长期仅能将鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7₃砂层组大规模发育的与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩解释为“油页岩等优质烃源岩”的问题,根据岩心观察及测录井资料、电子探针薄片和大量页岩油实际生产资料的分析,对长7₃砂层组内与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩的定义、成因以及其发育特征与长7油层组页岩油试油效果的关系进行了探索性的研究。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长7₃砂层组内与烃源岩相关的高伽马砂岩可划分为狭义和广义两种类型,高放射性的成因可能与深部热水作用有关,首次发现其发育特征与长7油层组页岩油试油效果关系密切。该项研究对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组页岩油的大规模高效勘探与开发具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

黄骅坳陷断裂发育特征及其对新生古储型潜山成藏控制作用

“新生古储”型潜山是大港油田潜山勘探的重要领域并取得了勘探突破,多期断裂演化控制了新生古储潜山类型多样性及成藏条件多样性。通过系统分析坳陷控山断裂的静态、动态特征,恢复断裂发育对潜山山系形成的控制作用,针对古生界内幕碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩储层物性特征和成储机制、烃源岩特征及源-储配置关系等成藏要素系统分析,区划潜山类型,指出不同类型潜山勘探潜力层系及分布区。研究结果表明：(1)现今断裂具有多走向、多性质的特征,受控于多期次叠合演化的结果。其主要为四个期次：T₃时期近EW和NW(W)逆断,J₁₊₂继承发育;J₃+K₁初期挤压逆冲形成NNE(近SN)向逆断-转换断层;至K₁为负反转发育阶段,形成负反转断层;E时期受伸展作用控制,形成NE(E)向伸展断层。(2)“两期挤压成山-一期块断成山”成山过程,内幕储层经历“早成岩期—表生期—中成岩期—晚成岩期”多期成岩作用,奥陶系碳酸盐储层为中孔-中渗储层,碎屑岩储层为中-低孔隙、中-低渗储层。(3)在孔二段和沙三段优质烃源岩发育的条件下,源-储对...     

中哈边境吉木乃—斋桑盆地二叠系油气成藏要素

吉木乃—斋桑盆地是古亚洲洋构造域西段勘探程度较低的重要二叠系含油气盆地,油气聚集成藏研究尚浅.基于区域地质、地质露头、钻井、地震、分析化验等资料,开展生、储、盖、圈、运、保油气地质条件分析,研究生烃过程、排烃动力和成藏动力与方式,制作含油气系统事件表,探讨油气成藏过程与油气成藏模式.吉木乃—斋桑盆地发育两套主力二叠系烃源岩:①下二叠统卡拉岗组/阿坎赛组浅湖相暗色泥岩,主要分布在盆地南部山前地区,发育于淡水湖泊轻微缺氧环境,TOC含量为0.936％;S1+S2为0.086 mg/g,Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型干酪根,Ro为1.54％,成熟—过成熟阶段;②上二叠统麦恰特组深湖-半深湖黑色油页岩、泥岩,主要分布在斋桑坳陷中部地区,发育于咸水、强还原的环境,Ⅰ型干酪根,Ro为0.68％,孢粉色变指数为2.83,处于刚进入生油窗的低成熟阶段.储集层主要为二叠系砂岩和砾岩,二叠系麦恰特组与阿考尔康组泥页岩为重要的盖层.圈闭以岩性、背斜、断鼻、断块、地垒等形式为主,发育正断层、岩浆底辟构造油气短距离垂向运移和不整合面油气长距离侧向运移两类油气运移通道.主力烃源岩经历多次生排烃过程,早侏罗世达到生油高峰,古近纪达到生气高峰.油在异常过剩压力驱动下近距离进入二叠系岩性圈闭中成藏;部分通过断裂、岩浆底辟等通道垂向短距离运移,进入断背斜、底辟构造等圈闭中富集成藏;气经长距离侧向运移在古近系与下伏地层间的不整合面附近富集成藏.     

“十三五”地质钻探工程技术发展回顾及“十四五”展望

技术创新发展是地质钻探工程事业的核心、灵魂和第一驱动力。本文通过总结我国地质钻探工程领域“十三五”科技创新成果,深刻认识地质科技创新发展新要求,系统把握地质科技创新基础,展望了地质钻探工程技术“十四五”科技创新的总体思路、发展目标和主要任务,以深入实施国家创新驱动发展战略,提升地质科技创新能力。     

Hydrocarbon Enrichment and Main Controlling Factors in Offshore Rift Basins of China: A Case Study in the Beibuwan Basin

Beibuwan B asin is an important offshore oil and gas bearing basin of China.However,the distribution of oil and gas in different sags is uneven,and the rule of hydrocarbon accumulation and main controlling factors have not been clearly understood in this basin.Based on abundant seismic,well and analytical data,the differences and main controlling of tectonic evolution,sedimentary filling and source rock quality in sags are analyzed,and combined with the study of geothermal filed,the main controlling factors of differential hydrocarbon generation in sags of the Beibuwan Basin are clarified.On the basis of the research above,the hydrocarbon enrichment of the basin is clarified through the systematic analysis of reservoir-caprock assemblage and accumulation characteristics of different structural units.The results show that there are four NE-trending sag zones in the basin,and under the influence of fault activity,the scale of sags is regularly distributed.The scale of rifts in different sag zones decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the scale of rifts in the middle of a single sag zone is normally larger than that at two ends.Under the control of the sag-controlling faults activity,paleoproductivity and organic matter preservation conditions,the quality of source rocks in sags of the Beibuwan Basin decreases from northwest to southeast.The hydrocarbon-rich sags in the Beibuwan Basin were formed under the control of source rocks and geothermal field,and the distribution of large-medium scale fields is controlled by the favorable structural traps in the rift strata of inner gentle slope zone.The understanding of the hydrocarbon enrichment and main controlling factors in the Beibuwan Basin also provides a significant guidance for the oil and gas exploration in other rift basins.     

基于Google Earth的1∶50000地质地理底图更新

数字地理底图是地质环境调查不可缺少的组成部分,但现有数据大多现势性较差,如何更新值得探讨。文中提出利用Google Earth进行地理底图更新的方法,并介绍了更新的步骤和精度,该方法简单快捷、可操作性较强,具有一定的实用价值。