冰川流域径流估算方法探索——以科其喀尔巴西冰川为例

利用科其喀尔巴西冰川2005年6月至2006年5月水文、气象资料,并结合15 m融合TM、1∶50000地形图、FY-2C数值产品和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,构建了10个简单、具有一定自主创新意义的分布式冰川融水径流模型(空间分辨率60 m),较好地模拟了研究冰川流域的日平均流量.结果表明,利用FY-2C总云量资料并结合辐射传输参数化方案能够较好地估算流域太阳入射短波辐射;单独利用总辐射有直接估算大型冰川流域某段时期融水径流的可能.气温与冰川末端流量呈指数关系,度日因子模型更适合于消融季节;提出的基于单元格气温和海拔的简单消融模型有望改进度日因子模型.在气温指数模型中加入太阳辐射调整系数,能够更好地估算冰川融水径流.简化分布式能量平衡模型能够反映大型冰川融水径流的变化;单层汇流方案在一定程度上能够概化托木尔型冰川的汇流过程.     

新疆北山晚古生代内生金属矿床成矿系列研究

新疆北山造山带是我国重要的铜镍金铁矿产勘查区之一.通过初步研究,按照成矿系列的学术思想,将区内晚古生代金属矿床划分为3个成矿系列,即晚古生代与基性-超基性岩浆有关的铜镍硫化物矿床成矿系列、晚古生代与强应变构造带有关的铜金矿床成矿系列和与火山岩有关的铁矿床成矿系列.     

应用电性特征研究银川平原地下水水质空间分布规律

以蕴涵丰富地下水系统水循环信息的电性特征为线索,采用电测深法,在分析研究银川平原450 m深度内地下水系统的空间结构的基础上,对平原地下水水质空间分布规律进行了综合研究,为银川平原地下水资源可持续利用战略的制订提供了依据。     

Application of Spectral Decomposition to Detection of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Tahe Oiifieid, Tarim Basin, NW China

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to ＂tune-in＂ bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds.     

Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Paleomagnetic Chronology of the Zanda Basin, Tibet, and Records of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The characteristics of Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift of the southern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau may be inferred from fluvio-lacustrine strata in the Zanda basin, Ngari, Tibet. Magnetostratigraphic study shows that the very thick fluvio-lacustrine strata in the basin are 5.89- 0.78 Ma old and that their deposition persisted for 5.11 Ma, i.e. starting at the end of the Miocene and ending at the end of the early Pleistocene, with the Quaternary glacial stage starting in the area no later than 1.58 Ma. Analysis of the sedimentary environment indicates that the Zanda basin on the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau began uplift at -5.89 Ma, later than the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Presence of gravel beds in the Guge and Qangze Formations reflects that strong uplift took place at -5.15 and -2.71 Ma, with the uplift peaking at -2.71 Ma.     

地下水流模型识别的分步解法

地下水流模型识别问题是综合的水文地质分析与计算过程,但常常被片面理解为反求水文地质参数问题,这种片面的认识大大妨碍了对水文地质条件的认识及对水文地质过程的理解,并由此导致一些不应有的错误结论。简要论述了地下水流模型识别的概念及问题类型,利用模型分解的方法指出地下水流模型的识别可分2步完成:一是利用附加水头场(或附加降深场)求参数;二是利用初始水头场确定边界条件及源汇项。除参数外,源汇项、初始条件、边界条件也是地下水流模型识别的重要内容。     

甘肃王河金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

王河金矿床是李坝金矿田的组成部分。矿床产于秦岭造山带泥盆纪浅变质碎屑岩中,区域地质构造较复杂,岩浆活动频繁且强烈,是一受断裂、岩浆活动和蚀变带控制的蚀变岩型（工业类型为徽细粒浸染型）金矿。通过对矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志的研究认为,已知矿体深部及西部找矿潜力很大,应进一步开展找矿工作。     

基于退火BP神经网络的GPS高程转换

阐述模拟退火算法的基本思想和原理,提出并介绍模拟退火算法优化的BP神经网络模型在GPS高程转换中的具体应用,同时编写相应的MATLAB处理程序,结合大量数据进行仿真实验,结果表明文中提出的退火BP神经网络模型具有收敛速度快、精度高、避免陷入局部最小的优良特性。     

泥石流调查遥感解译新方法研究

文章在分析总结近年来遥感技术在地质灾害调查评价工作应用的基础上,针对存在的不足,就区域小流域泥石流地质灾害调查评价的遥感解译应用,提出了基于虚拟GIS和水文空间分析的遥感解译方法（RSVH）。该方法综合利用虚拟GIS、遥感图像数字处理技术和空间分析技术,将大尺度区域降级为较小尺度的空间逻辑单元。针对各单元应用遥感影像和高精度DEM数据创建三维虚拟场景。同时叠加地形、地质、岩性、土壤、灾害等具有丰富属性信息的图层,较好地解决了大尺度区域范围内遥感解译工作面临的困难。为小流域地质灾害的调查工作提供了新思路。