鲅鱼圈港疏浚物海洋倾倒声学试验研究

利用声学技术于1992年6月在营口鲅鱼固港进行了疏浚物海上倾倒声学试验。研究了疏浚物倾倒后的沉降、扩散和迁移特性,统计得出疏浚物云团垂直尺度、水平尺度及云团中心浓度与时间的关系式;计算了扩散系数,估算了倾倒后水体中疏浚物悬浮颗粒量;得出了云团漂移方向、距离和影响范围以及云团在海中的长存留时间;进而确定了疏浚物倾倒入海后的物理行为和归宿。     

气质联用技术分析鉴定海洋琼胶液化弧菌脂多糖的脂肪酸

利用气质联用技术 (GC- MS)对海洋琼胶液化弧菌脂多糖的脂肪酸组成和结构进行了分析鉴定。结果表明 ,该脂多糖的脂质 A部分含有 7种脂肪酸。其中饱和脂肪酸 3种 :正十二碳烷酸 ,正十四碳烷酸和正十六碳烷酸 ;不饱和脂肪酸 4种 ,分别为 9-十六碳烯酸 ,9-十七碳烯酸 ,11-十八碳烯酸和 9,12 -十八碳二烯酸     

水产加工技术发展现状及展望

综述了水产品加工技术研究及其应用现状和展望，并对海洋水产资源的开发利用现状和前景作了论述，许多先进技术，如微波技术，辐照杀菌技术，超高压杀菌技术等，在水产品加工业中应用前景广阔，对海洋低值鱼类资源，水产加工废弃物，以及尚未利用的海洋生物资源的开发利用已引起重视，海洋生物技术在开发海洋食用生物资源方面具有重要意义，现代高新技术的应用将成为２１世纪水产加工业发展趋势。     

Modelling nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and dissolved oxygen in the Zhujiang Estuary Ⅱ. Model results

In the present study, the ecosystem-based water quality model was applied to the Pearl River (Zhujiang) Estuary. The model results successfully represent the distribution trend of nutrients and dissolved oxygen both in the horizontal and vertical planes during the flood season, and it shows that the model has taken into consideration the key part of the dynamical, chemical and biological processes existing in the Zhujiang Estuary. The further studies illustrate that nitrogen is in plenty while phosphorus and light limit the phytoplankton biomass in the Zhujiang Estuary during the flood season.     

扇贝边中酸性粘多糖的提取

通过蛋白酶水解和乙醇沉淀,从扇贝柱加工下脚料(扇贝边)中提取酸性粘多糖。用正交实验优选出酶解条件,当乙醇沉淀时,对乙醇浓度作了选择。用所选酶解条件水解扇贝边,水解液经脱色处理后,用60％(V/V)乙醇沉淀得粗制粘多糖,经精制后得到粘多糖3.2×10~(-4)(W/W)(相对于鲜冻原料)。     

Retrieval of Sea Surface Temperature from TRMM VIRS

The Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a five-channel radiometer with wavelength from 0.6 to 12 μm. Daily 0.125° sea surface temperature (SST) data from VIRS were first produced at the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) for comparison with SST from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). In order to obtain accurate high spatial resolution SST for the merging of SST from infrared and microwave measurements, new SST retrieval coefficients of the Multichannel SST (MCSST) algorithm were generated using the global matchups from VIRS brightness temperature (BT) and Global Telecommunications System (GTS) SST. Cloud detection was improved and striping noise was eliminated. One-year global VIRS level-1B data were reprocessed using the MCSST algorithm and the advanced cloud/noise treatments. The bias and standard deviation between VIRS split-window SST and in situ SST are 0.10°C and 0.63°C, and for triple-window SST, are 0.06°C and 0.48°C. The results indicate that the reprocessing algorithm is capable of retrieving high quality SST from VIRS data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

应用氨基酸分析仪测定血浆中同型胱氨酸含量的研究

根据日立835—50型氨基酸自动分析仪生理体液分析法，以及同型胱氨酸的生理特性，建立测定同型胱氨酸的150min短程序法。经过精密度和准确度试验，重视性好，变异系数小。当同型胱氨酸浓度为4×10－5mol／L时，峰位置和峰面积的变异系数（CV值）分别为0．20％和1．98％（n＝10），明显低于规定技术指标（1％和2．5％）。对1、2、4（×10－4mol／L）浓度的同型胱氨酸加标回收试验，回收率为叶．33～106．67％（n＝9）。本法与原法同时测定大鼠及人体血浆的同型胱氨酸的含量结果基本一致。表明本方法准确、可靠、快速、简便，适用于高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化以及血栓等血浆中同型胱氨酸的测定。本方法样品处理采用任其与空气接触，使血浆中同半型胱氨酸氧化为同型胱氨酸，测定其总同型胱氨酸含量。     

Heat oscillation in the upper ocean of the southern South China Sea

Data used in this study are temperature/depth profiles taken over the upper 400 m of the ocean in the southern South China Sea (4°-14° N, 106°-120° E) for the period 1961-1973. The data are analyzed on the grid 2 (latitude) by 2 (longitude) in space and bimonthly in time. The vertically averaged temperature (TAV) over the upper 100 m of the ocean is calculated as the estimate of the heat content in the upper ocean.The TAV is cooler in the northwest region of the study area and warmer in the southeast in the annual and seasonal mean figures. The first EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) of anomalous TAV accounts for 41 % of the total variance for the period 1961-1973. The time function associated with it displays a significant interannual changes in the heat content, with 2-4 a oscillation period and associated with the ENSO events. During ENSO event TAV increases with the tendency of increasing towards equator along the basin. This anomalous states also exist in the water layers below 100 m depth. T     

SST Availabilities of Satellite Infrared and Microwave Measurements

To investigate the feasibility and methodology of new generation sea surface temperature (SST) maps that combine various satellite measurements, we have quantitatively evaluated SST availabilities of NOAA AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), GMS S-VISSR (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite, Stretched-Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer) and TRMM MI (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, Microwave Imager: TMI), during the one-year period from October 1999 to September 2000. The advantage of satellite microwave SST measurements is the ability to penetrate the clouds that contaminate satellite infrared measurements. Daily SST availabilities were calculated in the overlapping coverage from 20°N to 38°N and 120°E to 160°E. The annual-mean SST availabilities of AVHRR, S-VISSR and TMI are 48%, 56% and 78%, respectively. There are large seasonal variations in the availabilities of infrared measurements. The latitude-time plots of one-degree zonal mean SST availabilities of S-VISSR and TMI in the region from 38°S to 38°N and 80°E to 160°W show significant zonal variations, which are influenced by the atmospheric circulation such as the Subtropical High and the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The SST availabilities of S-VISSR and TMI in the five selected regions have large regional variations, ranging from 35% to 74% and 62% to 88% for S-VISSR and TMI, respectively. The present statistical analyses of SST availabilities in the infrared and microwave measurements indicate that 1) a daily cloud-free high-spatial resolution may be achieved by merging various SST measurements since their deficiencies compensate each other, and 2) nevertheless, it is necessary to take account of the seasonal and regional variations of SST availabilities of different satellite sensors for the development of merging technology. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of a Horizontal Shear Line over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the Impact of Diabatic Heating on Its Evolution

Based on the 4 times daily 0.75° × 0.75° ERA-Interim data, the structural evolution of a Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau horizontal (east–west-oriented) shear line (TSL) during 15–19 August 2015 and the effect of diabatic heating on its evolution were analyzed. The results show that the TSL possessed a vertical thickness of up to 1.5 km (approximately 600–450 hPa), and was baroclinic in nature. Weak ascending motions occurred near the TSL, accompanied with more significant gradients in dew point temperature than in temperature. The TSL was characterized by diurnal variations in its appearance and structure. It was relatively full in shape (broken) and was the lowest (highest) in vertical extent at 0000 (1800) UTC, and veered clockwise (anticlockwise) during 0000–0600 (1200–1800) UTC. When the north–south span of the TSL increased, it was prone to fracturing; and it disappeared when the dew point temperature gradients to its either side decreased. When the TSL moved northward (southward), its western (eastern) section broke up, while the eastern (western) section inclined to regenerate or merge. The TSL tended to move towards the positive vorticity areas with significant increases in vorticity. When the positive vorticity center moved down, the height of TSL decreased. Further analysis shows that the plateau surface heating dominated the vorticity attribute of the TSL and its movement, with different contributions from local variation, horizontal advection, and vertical advection of the diabatic heating to the TSL at different heights.