Environmental emigration stress of slope farmland in the Three Gorges area

The project of ‘grain for green’, to restore woodland and grass by retreating from slope farmland, as a fundamental measure of eco-environmental rehabilitation, is being conducted in the reservoir area of the Three Gorges gradually. However, the de-farming of slope farmland will reduce the amount of farmland in de-farmed areas, especially in the areas with concentrated slope farmland, which would cause the problems of environmental emigration. The people who cannot regain enough farmland by relocating farmlands within village after de-farming and have to emigrate to other places are called environmental emigrants or ecological emigrants. In the research, a de-farming stress index model and an environmental emigration model are developed based on GRID data, and the potential amount of environmental emigration caused by de-farming of slope farmland in the reservoir area is simulated aided with GIS. The simulation indicates that the potential emigration amount caused by de-farming is quite large. When the de-farming stress index reaches 40%, the amount is as large as 890,000 people, which is equivalent to the emigrants caused by the submergence of the Three Gorges reservoir. So it should be considered as a big problem during the eco-environmental rehabilitation in this area. Some suggestions are raised to tackle the problem. Firstly, the emigration plan should be included in the de-farming plan. Secondly, some provinces, especially those located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, should accommodate part of the environmental emigrants.     

大亚湾底栖生物体中4种重金属残毒量分析与评价

利用 2 0 0 0年 3月大亚湾环境现状调查的资料 ,对大亚湾底栖生物体中残毒量进行现状与历史资料比较分析 ,评价底栖生物受重金属污染的程度及其食用质量。结果表明 ,该水域底栖生物未受重金属污染 ,但甲壳动物和软体动物体中Cu和Zn具有潜在的严重积累问题 ;甲壳动物和软体动物体中Cd含量已超过人体消费标准 ,应引起有关部门的警惕     

热带雨林的碳循环及其意义

热带雨林的碳循环及其在全球碳循环中的作用，已经成为当前的热点研究问题，热带雨林的碳循环包括植物的固碳作用、归还作用和再利用、流失及贮存三个过程，并具有周期短、贮存量大、复杂性及封闭性强的特点，而且热带雨林的碳循环对全球碳循环、全球变化、生态系统、环境和可持续发展以及人类本身有巨大影响，但是由于热带林地的土地利用每年造成相当大的碳净释放，并带来一系列的环境问题，因此深入开展对热带雨林的研究，以及合理利用、开发和保护，实现热带雨林和可持续发展意义十分重大。     

双重介质模型中地下水运动的环境示踪

为评价博茨瓦纳帕拉匹村非均质裂隙含水层的地下水资源，采用双重介质法及增加阻水水平屏障来模拟含水层，用排水和蒸发双重边界来模拟季节性河流，用溶质运移模型来再现示踪剂氟氯烃化合物（CFC）在地下水中的分布，用环境同位素氢和氧分析地下水的来源，用氯离子质量平衡法估计人渗量。对双重介质的不同有效空隙度的确定则采用了地下水龄示踪剂CFC的实测值分析得出。这些为地下水模型的真实、准确提供了几种独立、有效的分析手段。     

亚洲夏季风结构和变动与大气运动的斜压和正压特征:斜压模分析

通过定义流场的斜压性度量参量，利用观测资料，对大气运动的斜压特征量与夏季风变动的联系进行了探讨。结果表明：夏季风流场具有较强的斜压性；纬向气流的斜压强弱的时间变动与夏季风进退相吻合；强斜压区的范围可反映夏季风活动的基本范围。经向斜压运动强弱的水平分布及时间－经度剖面上斜压运动动能的纬向传播都与亚洲季风体系中季风子系统有关     

Boundary integration equation method to scattering of plane SH-waves

In this paper, several approaches used in the boundary integration equation method have been discussed firstly. The comparison among solutions of equation in frequency domain established by the above approaches indicates the features and the validity respectively. Moreover, the application of boundary integration equation method using series solution to scattering of plane SH seismic waves in homogeneous, isotropic medium has been discussed chiefly. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 331–338, 1993.     

矿山冲击的地震学研究与开发

国家地震局地球物理研究所与中国统煤总公司北京矿务局合作,将地震学的成熟方法引入对矿山冲击的研究。在监测系统改造、分析软件包编制、震源机理研究、矿山冲击分类和冲击预测专家系统研制等方面,都取得一定进展,并展示出极广阔的应用开发前景。本文则是这些工作的综合性总结。     

非线性Rossby波动特征的进一步探讨

在一定的假定下,利用自然坐标系对正压非线性Rossby波的特征作了进一步探讨,指出控制Rossby波动过程的本质方程是摆型方程及类似于Sine—Gordon方程的关系式,得到了波动过程中复杂的质点振动轨迹和非线性振荡的周期;给出了定常Rossby波的几种复杂流型,证明了非线性Rossby波的位相传播和能量传播是沿着流线进行的。这些结果对深入认识大气内部动力过程和解释某些观测现象具有一定意义。     

时间场法在折射波资料解释应用中的研究

本文介绍的方法,对时间场法求取等时线方法进行了改进。经过理论推导,建立了便于数值计算的计算模型,并根据这一计算模型编制了FORTRAN—77计算程序。该程序不仅适用于均匀介质的情况,对地震波速度随深度变化的纵向不均匀介质等情况均适用。     

高斯积分在地球重力场数值计算中的应用

高程异常、垂线偏差及空中扰动引力矢量是大地测量和空间技术最常用的一组重力场参数,本文在分析了以上三种参数的计算误差源以后,详细论证了计算这些参数对积分面积元的不同要求。在此基础上,本文尝试将高斯积分应用于地球重力场数值计算中,试验结果表明,这样做不仅提高了计算速度和精度,而且能够在一定程度上克服重力场元数值积分的奇异性。