Hydrodynamics of suspended particulate matter in the tidal freshwater zone of a macrotidal estuary (the Seine Estuary, France)

The effects of fortnightly, semidiurnal, and quaterdiurnal lunar tidal cycles on suspended particle concentrations in the tidal freshwater zone of the Seine macrotidal estuary were studied during periods of medium to low freshwater flow. Long-term records of turbidity show semidiurnal and spring-neap erosion-sedimentation cycles. During spring tide, the rise in low tide levels in the upper estuary leads to storage of water in the upper estuary. This increases residence time of water and suspended particulate matter (SPM). During spring tide periods, significant tidal pumping, measured by flux calculations, prevents SPM transit to the middle estuary which is characterized by the turbidity maximum zone. On a long-term basis, this tidal pumping allows marine particles to move upstream for several tens of kilometers into the upper estuary. At the end of the spring tide period, when the concentrations of suspended particulate matter are at their peak values and the low-tide level drops, the transport of suspended particulate matter to the middle estuary reaches its highest point. This period of maximum turbidity is of short duration because a significant amount of the SPM settles during neap tide. The particles, which settle under these conditions, are trapped in the upper estuary and cannot be moved to the zone of maximum turbidity until the next spring tide. From the upper estuary to the zone of maximum turbidity, particulate transport is generated by pulses at the start of the spring-neap tide transition period.     

胶东大庄子金矿地质特征与成因探讨

大庄子金矿是我国首次发现赋存于胶东变质岩中大规模韧-脆性剪切带内的蚀变岩型及石英脉型金矿床.金矿化与绢英岩化、黄铁矿化、硅化和碎裂岩化有关.矿体受韧-脆性剪切带、黄铁绢英岩化、晚元古代晚期角闪岩相变质岩的共同控制.矿石矿物组合以自然金-金属硫化物-架状硅酸盐为主的组合类型.矿床属于在韧-脆性剪切作用下,与含金量较高的下元古界荆山群变质岩的形成、演化有成因联系的蚀变、重熔、交代中温动力热液改造型金矿床.     

试论造山带成山运动与环境变化调查方法--以东昆仑1:25万冬给措纳湖幅区调为例

造山带演化可分为两个阶段：造山期和成山期。造山期地质调查一直是我国区调工作的重点,调查的内容以区内基础地质特征研究为主。而成山期地质调查过去一直被忽视,这也正是当前“扩大区调服务领域”所要探讨的问题。造山带成山期区域地质调查重点是：①造山带隆升的过程与特点;②山脉隆升的环境效应;③造山带现代构造运动与地质灾害。笔者结合东昆仑造山带１∶２５万冬给措纳湖幅和兴海县幅区调,对成山运动和环境变化进行讨论。     

WAVELET CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL VARIATION IN THE THREE GORGE REGION OF CHANGJIANG RIVER*

Making the climatic diagnosis of Changjiang Three Gorge Region by the maximum entropy spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis,we discovered that the main periods of the annual and wintertime precipitation variation in the east subregion differ from that in the west subregion.The former is a period of about 2 years,and the latter is about 5-6 years.Their wavelet patterns are also apparently different between two subregions:the alternate positive and negative wavelet patterns for the west,but not so regular for the east.These provide a climatic background for the implementation of Three Gorge Project.We also found that the historical reason of the main periods by combing synthetically spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis could be realized.In addition we suggest a gist of the climate forecast by analogy analysis based on the 2-dimensional wavelet figures.     

华北地区GPS形变测量结果及其地震地质意义

简要介绍了华北地区ＧＰＳ形变监测网１９９５～１９９６年两次观测概况,利用伯尔尼软件进行数据处理的主要过程、水平形变计算与应变分析的方法和结果及垂直形变的结果。分析了ＧＰＳ成果的地震地质意义,认为ＧＰＳ观测到的水平形变可能反映了上地壳层块构造活动的某些特征     

延庆怀来地区高分辨率浅地震反射剖面

在延庆怀来地区穿过深断裂位置开展的浅地震反射测量获得了高分辨率的地壳浅部结构图像。结果表明,研究区内浅层断裂发育,覆盖层分层清晰,具有良好的反射性质。基底为前震旦纪地层,埋深500 ～1 000m 不等,由一系列无规律的弱反射构成。狼山断裂是延矾盆地北缘的控制性断裂,在剖面上呈铲形,反映了年轻发育阶段的伸展构造特征     

137°E经向断面上的副热带逆流

根据137°E断面1967～1995年间冬、夏两季的温、盐资料,计算和分析了该断面的地转流和副热带逆流.主要结果如下:(1)副热带逆流在冬季和夏季均存在.冬季,副热带逆流出现1支、2支、3支、4支4种形式,夏季出现2支、3支两种形式,两季均以2支形式占优势.(2)冬季副热带逆流主要出现在22°～23°N、26°～27°N两区间;夏季主要出现在21°～22°N、24°～25°N两区间.(3)副热带逆流的流速呈带状结构,多为单束单核,个别为单束双核形式.流速具有更强,冬弱的特点.(4)副热带逆流的流量年际差异较大,多年平均而言,冬季流量为14.3×106m3/s,夏季的为22.9×106m3/s.(5)冬季,副热带逆流的“源地”与黑潮“源地”同为一体.前者是台湾省以东黑潮东侧海流的一个分支,并沿着暖脊、冷槽边缘而东流.     

使用掘进机条件下岩石可钻性的试验研究

本文根据岩石掘进机的破岩特点,阐述了岩石的物理力学特性及其赋存状况对大断面群刀破岩可钻性的影响;并根据现场实测资料分析,提出了以地质条件为基础,按照岩石的坚固性、完整性、磨砺性综合划分岩石可钻性分级的初步方案。     

北半球绕极涡的变异及其与我国气候异常的关系

本文利用近50 a大气再分析资料和中国站点观测资料,通过定义绕极涡的总体面积指数,分析了北半球绕极涡的变异特征及其与我国气候异常的关系,通过考虑绕极涡的局地变异和利用SVD分析方法揭示了绕极涡的局地变异与我国气候变异的关系。结果表明:北半球绕极涡的总体面积变异表现为一致性的扩张或收缩变化特征,近50 a来其总体面积具有收缩的趋势,这与全球增暖尤其是极区增暖有密切关系;叠加在这种趋势之上的既有年际变化又有年代际变化,主要周期大约是3~5 a和8~12 a。因此,研究绕极涡与我国气候的相关时分时间尺度来考虑更合理。北半球绕极涡的总体面积变异与我国气候异常的关系主要体现在年代际时间尺度上,当北半球绕极涡总体一致性收缩时,冬季我国大部分地区的气温都会随之变高,而降水偏多;夏季东北、华北、西南和华南地区气温偏高,降水偏少,而江淮流域气温偏低,降水偏多。反之亦然。北半球绕极涡的局地变异主要体现在西风带长波振幅的变异上,而其与我国气候异常的联系主要表现在年际时间尺度上,当东亚大槽减弱时,冬季我国中、东部大部分地区气温偏高,降水偏多;夏季江淮流域和四川盆地气温偏低,其它地区气温偏高,降水变化不明显。反之亦然。     

A speckle noise suppression method based on surface waves investigation and monitoring data

The internal energy distribution of waves can be described using ocean-wave spectra. In many ways, obtaining wave spectra on a global scale is critical. Surface waves investigation and monitoring onboard the Chinese-French oceanography satellite is the first space-borne instrument for detecting wave spectra specially, which was launched on October 29, 2018. It can avoid the shortage of synthetic aperture radar detection results while still having some problems, especially with the effects of spe...