喀喇沁玻基橄辉岩中的磷酸盐质熔体及磷灰石

磷酸盐在本文讨论的坡基橄辉岩中以多种形式产生,有早期结晶的磷灰石斑晶;有熔离的磷酸盐质熔浆液滴;也有晚期穿入橄榄石斑晶的磷酸盐质细脉,表明元素磷活跃在岩浆演化的每一个阶段。磷酸盐质熔浆液滴的存在,说明磷酸盐质熔体可能是由于岩浆的熔离作用而形成的。沿着橄榄石晶格生长石出现的磷酸盐质玻璃细脉则进一步证实地幔中含磷流体不但存在,而且具有很强的活动性。     

隧道掘进中掌子面前方岩石结构的超前预报

以地球物理勘探方法进行隧道掘进中前方岩石结构的超前预报,具有快捷、准确和实时处理及显示的优点。通过该方法可及时、详细地了解开挖掌子面前方岩石结构情况,为施工单位合理安排施工进度和减少工程隐患提供依据。以吉林省白山市石碑岭隧道掘进中所进行的超前预报为例,介绍了地质雷达和地震反射波法在这一领域里的应用。     

Efficient seismic response data storage and transmission using ARX model‐based sensor data compression algorithm

This paper presents a linear predictor (LP)‐based lossless sensor data compression algorithm for efficient transmission, storage and retrieval of seismic data. Auto‐Regressive with eXogenous input (ARX) model is selected as the model structure of LP. Since earthquake ground motion is typically measured at the base of monitored structures, the ARX model parameters are calculated in a system identification framework using sensor network data and measured input signals. In this way, sensor data compression takes advantage of structural system information to maximize the sensor data compression performance. Numerical simulation results show that several factors including LP order, measurement noise, input and limited sensor number affect the performance of the proposed lossless sensor data compression algorithm concerned. Generally, the lossless data compression algorithm is capable of reducing the size of raw sensor data while causing no information loss in the sensor data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冲绳海槽宫古段中央地堑的形态与分布

采用中国科学院海洋研究所“科学1号”调查船及国家海洋局“向阳红9号”调查船最近几年在冲绳海槽宫古段进行海底地形及反射地震调查所取得的数据,首次详细展示了冲绳海槽宫古段南北长约200km区域内中央地堑的形态及空间展布特征。本文给出的成果大大加深了关于冲绳海槽中央地堑各种变化的认识。指出,按照形态,中央地堑分为U型、V型和半地堑三种。其中大部分中央地堑为U型地堑。地堑的深度40～250m,宽度6～14km,长度17～33km。冲绳海槽宫古段的最大水深为2244.4m,位于中央地堑城阳段北端底部靠东的一侧(125°19.3′E,25°49.8′N)。本研究区的中央地堑可分为断续的9段,从东北向西南大致呈右旋雁行排列。但黄岛段相对于崂山段,城阳段相对于莱西段,李仓段相对于城阳段又稍微向西偏出,呈现为左旋雁行排列。地堑的走向一般为N60°E左右,相对于冲绳海槽的走向更偏向于东西方向,偏角在15°左右。各段中央地堑是被NW向断裂错开的。这些断裂在海底表现为明显的海底断崖地貌和陡沟地貌,在地震剖面上表现为明显的地层错位,其错位的幅度往往老地层比新地层要大。根据地震剖面分析,这些NW向的断裂应该是走滑性质的。本文展示的中央地堑在形态上和空间展布形式上都和扩张洋脊类似。莱西段和城阳段中央地堑之间重叠地堑,在形式上也类似于扩张洋脊的重叠扩张中心。从地堑深度较浅并发育重叠地堑来分析,冲绳海槽的扩张速率应当介于慢速扩张和中速扩张之间。本研究区莱西段、即墨段和平度段海底地形相对较高,中央地堑深度变浅,并发育重叠中央地堑,应该相当于快速扩张大洋中脊的轴高,可能是正在孕育岩浆活动的位置。目前我们所观测到的中央地堑的错断和有规律的排列说明海槽的主体演化过程已经在拉张盆地和断陷盆地的基础上上升到一个更高的阶段。本文根据中央地堑的展布形式、重叠中央地堑,及其两侧中央地堑中的海底山推测此区域海底扩张可能正在进行。     

南非陆相二叠系-三叠系界线研究进展

从岩石地层研究着手,介绍了南非卡鲁盆地内综合地层研究的相关成果.在生物地层方面,脊椎动物和植物化石的研究在该区具有传统优势,孢粉化石的研究则是在最近几年才取得较大进展,在陆相界线地层研究中菌孢化石在二叠系-三叠系界线处约1 m厚的地层内的富集事件属首次报道.在地球化学地层方面,南非有机碳同位素在二叠系-三叠系界线附近的变化趋势与海相二叠系-三叠系界线地层存在相似的对应关系,可以作为海、陆相界线地层对比的辅助标志.在磁性地层方面,南非卡鲁盆地内的磁极性存在从反向到正向然后再反转(R-N-R)的变化,二叠系-三叠系界线则位于第一反向极性带的顶部.同时,结合目前全球陆相二叠系-三叠系界线的研究现状及特点,分析了陆相界线地层研究中存在的基本问题,指出华南地区可能为突破传统观念的研究地区,陆地事件地层研究意义重大.     

南京浦口地区工程地质分区及其评价

根据地形地貌和岩土组合特征,该区可分为低山丘陵—山麓基岩区、山前平原—阶地中硬土区和长江漫滩软土沉积区,覆盖层主要是长江冲、淤积形成的新近系沉积软弱土。主要讨论漫滩软土及中硬土的特征,并对其工程地质适宜性及建筑适宜性进行了评价。     

豫西熊耳山地区沙沟银铅锌矿床成矿的40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

豫西沙沟、铁炉坪和蒿坪沟银铅锌矿构成秦岭地区最大的银矿集区,初步探明银金属储量约4000t。在这3个矿区中矿脉群受NE向断裂的控制,单个矿脉仅数厘米到数十厘米厚,但延长达数千米和延深数百米,矿石银品位极高,是一种罕见的工业性矿床。本次研究在沙沟矿区的近矿蚀变岩中选取绢云母和铬云母进行40Ar/39Ar年龄测定,获得坪年龄为(145.0±1.1)Ma和(147.0±1.5)Ma,相应的等时线年龄为(145.2±2.5)Ma和(147.6±2.3)Ma。这些年龄数据与熊耳山地区的三道庄—南泥湖钼钨矿成矿年龄基本相同,鉴于在沙沟矿区银铅锌矿脉于深部钼矿化越来越强以及在邻区可见到围绕中生代花岗岩体发育的斑岩型_矽卡岩型钼钨矿及外围的脉状和破碎带型铅锌银矿的矿化分带之现象,可以认为银铅锌与钼钨矿化属于同一成矿系统。     

Study on the nutrient evolution and its controlling factors of Longgan Lake for the last 200 years

Based on the total phosphorous (TP) concentration in sediment core, the TP concentration in lake water quantitatively reconstructed from fossil diatoms and diatom-TP transfer function in the Longgan Lake during the last 200 years, the temperature and precipitation data from meteorological observation for the last 50 years, the temperatures and precipitation sequences of climate simulation for the last 200 years, as well as the amount of the agricultural phosphate fertilizer in Longgan area for nearly 50 years, the characteristic and the law of the nutrient status evolution were analyzed, and the influence of the climatic factor, the anthropologic factor and the aquatic biology factor on the nutrient status evolution and its mechanism were discussed for the Longgan Lake during the last 200 years. The results showed that, in the nearly 200 years, the TP concentration in the sediment core of the Longgan Lake gradually increased, its range of variation was situated between 330-580 mg/kg, the mean value was 388 mg/kg, a nearly 30-year vibration adjustment period existed at 1950 around. The TP concentration in lake water changed in a different way. Before 1950, it had a slow increasing tendency in fluctuated background, to 1950 around it reached up to the mean value (52.18μg/L), and vibrated and adjusted around the mean value, then it fast declined, its change range was situated between 37.75-62.33μg/L. The analyses indicated that, in the centennial time scale, the climate change was the main controlling factor, while in the decadal time scale in the recent 50 years, human activities were the leading factors for the nutrient status evolution of the Longgan Lake. 60% of the variability of the TP concentration in the sediments and 57% of that in lake water were due to human activities. The differentiation between phosphorus concentration in the sediment and in the lake water reflected the response processes and the adjustment abilities of the lake aquatic ecosystems to the lake nutrient level, implying the maintenance and the destruction of the balances between the algae and the aquatic plants, as well as the corresponding accumulating characteristics of the phosphorus.     

黄骅坳陷新近系馆陶组Ⅲ段辫状河相高分辨率层序分析

以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,以野外露头、钻井岩心、测井及地震资料的综合研究为基础,研究了黄骅坳陷新近系馆陶组Ⅲ段的高分辨率层序地层特征,识别出1个长期、两个中期和若干个短期基准面旋回层序。其中短期、中期旋回都可分为向上“变深”非对称型和向上“变深”复“变浅”对称型两类。深入探讨了不同结构类型和充填样式的各级次基准面旋回层序对储层的控制作用,认为储集砂体主要发育于长期及中期基准面旋回上升的早期。