雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储成储机制及发育模式

雄安新区雾迷山组地热资源丰富,研究其岩溶热储特征及其形成机理对于雄安新区清洁地热资源的开发利用具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。前人已经对该区雾迷山组油气储集层的分布、古岩溶、成岩作用、储集空间等特征做过一定的研究,但对于该区雾迷山组地热资源的成储机制、特别是3期岩溶等成岩特征尚缺乏系统性的研究。充分利用野外露头、岩心、薄片和测录井等地质及地球物理资料,并结合区域地质背景的分析,对雄安新区雾迷山组的岩石学特征、成岩作用、岩溶热储的成储机制进行了深入研究,并建立了雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储的发育模式。结果表明：(1)雄安新区雾迷山组主要岩性为白云岩,主要的储集空间为次生孔隙和构造缝—构造溶蚀缝,热储孔渗变化较大;(2)雄安新区最主要的建设性成岩作用是3种溶蚀作用,包括同生—准同生溶蚀、表生溶蚀和埋藏溶蚀,主要破坏性成岩作用是压实作用和胶结作用;(3)根据构造演化、岩心及测井资料,将表生溶蚀作用划分为3期,分别是芹峪期、印支期和燕山—喜山期。芹峪期雾迷山组局部出露遭受淋滤,形成的溶孔经后期改造后不易识别;印支期大部分区域抬升并遭受淋滤,形成高孔渗储集层,后期遭受了进一步改造;燕山—喜山期是雄安新...     

考虑应变局部化的粗粒料剪切损伤力学机制

针对粗粒料的应变软化、剪胀等力学特性,通过考虑以剪切带为标志的应变局部化现象,建立了具有广泛适用性的剪切损伤力学模型。损伤模型采用了包体理论中的剪切带数学简化,基于应变等价原理、Weibull分布,推导了粗粒料的应力-应变关系方程。从剪胀作用的机制出发,提出可以描述剪胀弱化的轴向塑性应变和体积塑性应变的非线性函数关系。结合粗粒料三轴压缩试验中的伺服过程,提出了基于遗传算法的损伤模型参数确定方法。通过开展不同围压下的粗粒料三轴压缩试验,对剪切损伤力学模型进行验证,进一步分析了参数演化对粗粒料强度和变形特征的影响。研究结果表明,考虑应变局部化特征的剪切损伤力学模型可以高精度的模拟粗粒料的应变软化和剪胀等特征,有效揭示剪切带内部变形对试样整体宏观变形的影响机制,模型中剪切带参数和围压的关系与粗粒料细观机制一致,计算得到强度组成与颗粒破碎、重组特征较为吻合。     

A Comparison Study on the δD Value of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hydrous Pyrolysate of Herbaceous Peat with Different Water Medium

To investigate the influence of diagenetic water media on the hydrogen isotopes of individual sedimentary aromatic compounds, a series of hydrous pyrolyses were conducted on herbaceous peat. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrous pyrolysed samples and their hydrogen isotopic composition characteristics were studied. The aqueous medium demonstrated a significant influence on the hydrogen isotopic composition of the individual PAHs generated during pyrolysis. The results showed that the PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a saltwater medium with high δD value from a salt lake had a heavy hydrogen isotopic composition. The PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a fresh water medium with low δD value from a swamp had a light hydrogen isotopic composition. The difference in the average PAH δD value between the two hydrous experiments varied from –174‰ to –109‰, suggesting that the hydrogen isotopic composition of individual sedimentary PAHs can reflect the source of the diagenetic water medium. In addition, a comparative study found that the hydrogen isotopes of PAHs were superior to those of n-alkanes in the same sample for diagenetic water indications. The results indicated that the exchange of water-derived inorganic hydrogen and organic hydrogen was more intensive in freshwater experiments than in saltwater experiments. With an increase in the simulation temperature, the average δD value of PAHs generated in the hydrous simulation experiments showed an increasing trend, reflecting that the δD value of sedimentary PAHs formed with the participation of diagenetic water media was still closely related to the thermal maturity of organic matter. Comparative studies showed that the δD values of different types of organic compounds produced by hydrous pyrolysis of peat were in the order, PAHs > n-alkanes > methane.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in Central–Eastern Inner Mongolia,China: Implications for Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Great Xing'an Range

The southern Great Xing’an Range is the most critical Sn-polymetallic metallogenic belt in northeast China. However, the tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous magmatic-metallogenic ”flare-up“ event remains uncertain. This paper presents an integrated study on the occurrence, petrology, zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Hf isotopes for Wenduerchagan granites of Xi Ujimqin Banner, central-eastern Inner Mongolia. These granites consist primarily of granite porphyry(wi...     

A Numerical Simulation Study of Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Breakthrough Pressure of CO2 in Unsaturated Low-permeability Rock Core

Gas breakthrough pressure is a key parameter to evaluate the sealing capacity of caprock, and it also plays important roles in safety and capacity of CO2 geological storage. Based on the published experimental results, we present numerical simulations on CO2 breakthrough pressure in unsaturated low-permeability rock under 9 multiple P-T conditions (which can keep CO2 in gaseous, liquid and supercritical states) and thus, a numerical method which can be used to accurately predict CO2 breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale is proposed. The simulation results show that CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time are exponential correlated with P-T conditions. Meanwhile, pressure has stronger effects on experimental results than that of temperature. Moreover, we performed sensitivity studies on the pore distribution index λ (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) in van Genuchten-Muale model. Results show that with the increase of λ, CO2 breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time both show decreasing trends. In other words, the larger the value of λ is, the better the permeability of the caprock is, and the worse the CO2 sealing capacity is. The numerical method established in this study can provide an important reference for the prediction of gas breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale and for related numerical studies.     

冀中坳陷奥陶系潜山油气藏形成条件与成藏模式

冀中坳陷潜山是增储上产的重要领域,奥陶系潜山由于储层非均质性强、控藏因素复杂,因此一直制约着油气勘探的新发现。基于大量岩心、薄片、测井、地震及地球化学数据和地质分析的基础上,对其成藏条件及成藏模式进行了系统分析,指导杨税务潜山、文安斜坡潜山勘探取得重要突破。研究表明：冀中坳陷发育古近系沙三段和沙四段以及上古生界石炭—二叠系3套烃源岩,为潜山油气藏的形成提供了充足的物质基础;明确了碳酸盐岩“云化-岩溶-断裂”三主因叠合控储机理,建立了岩溶孔洞型、断裂孔缝型和云岩孔隙型3种储层模式,拓展了勘探空间;受印支期、燕山期、喜山期多期构造作用叠加控制,形成了先隆后凹型和先凹后隆型两种成因潜山圈闭类型。通过奥陶系潜山成藏要素分析,总结出3种潜山油气成藏模式：低位构造-岩性复合准层状潜山成藏模式、中位古储古堵块状潜山成藏模式和高位古储新堵块状潜山成藏模式。综合评价,目前冀中坳陷北部低位构造-岩性复合准层状潜山成藏条件最为有利,泗村店潜山和新镇潜山是下一步勘探的有利方向。     

河间潜山地热资源开发方案数值模拟

古潜山地热资源具备岩溶孔隙发育程度高、热储面积厚度大、地热水储量大的优点。冀中坳陷内古潜山分布密集且地热资源丰富, 河间潜山位于冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷中东部, 具有良好的地热地质条件, 开发潜力巨大。本文基于河间潜山及其周缘地区测井资料、岩石热物性并进行了计算, 发现其地温梯度为29.8 ℃/km到44.5 ℃/km之间, 平均值为40.7 ℃/km。大地热流值介于64.8~80.6 mW/m2之间, 平均值为 73.4 mW/m2。通过水热耦合模拟方法模拟选定的地热资源有利区的温度变化, 结果发现河间潜山合理的开采井距为800 m, 合理开采量为60 L/s, 回灌温度为35 ℃, 总可开采量为6.32×1016 J, 单年可开采量为 6.32×1014 J, 可供暖面积为1.22×106 m2, 对于冀中坳陷潜山地热资源的开发利用具有一定的指导意义。     

渤海湾周缘高温地热异常特征及深部热结构分析

渤海湾周缘高温地热异常区是华北重要的地热资源区,研究其浅层高温地热异常及深层高温地热结构,是解决中国东部高温地热勘查开发瓶颈的重要基础,对加快构建东部现代能源体系、推进“双碳”目标进程具有重要的科学意义。利用最新的中国大陆岩石圈速度模型USTClitho2.0和航磁资料,在大地热流资料约束下,本文计算了渤海湾周缘浅层与深层高温热结构,结果表明:该区居里面平均深度20.8km,居里温度420℃,中、上地壳高温热结构与居里面起伏形态密切相关。上地壳生热率随深度增大而递减,反映了放射性生热元素向上迁移、在浅层富集的垂向分异特征。Moho面温度在600～800℃之间,岩石圈底界面1300℃等温面深度在66.3～97.5 km之间,平均值为76.8 km。依据USTClitho2.0模型Vp、Vs速度结构,本文修正了前人的地壳分层结构及上地壳生热率,计算了研究区内全部91个大地热流点的壳幔热流比,结果表明:Qc/Q=56.4%、Qm/Q=43.6%, Qc/Q>Qm/Q,显示该区为“热壳”结构。前人认为此区是“冷壳热幔”型热结构,本文的计算结果修正了前人的认识,指出上地壳层热流在地表总热流...     

辫状河三角洲沉积特征与生长演变规律——水槽沉积模拟实验研究

辫状河三角洲是一类常见的沉积体系,也是一类常见的油气储层,其沉积特征、沉积演化过程及内部结构一直受到沉积学研究的关注。为明确辫状河三角洲沉积特征、演化过程及生长演变规律,笔者等通过水槽实验模拟辫状河三角洲在平缓的水下底形上逐步发育的过程,并采用三维激光扫描仪、延时拍照等手段进行精准的沉积地貌监测和定量沉积学分析。研究表明：① 辫状河三角洲沉积演化过程中,三角洲的规模、水流分散样式、沉积体表面地貌特征及沉积物分布样式存在阶段性差异,可据此将实验辫状河三角洲的演化分为3个阶段。② 在最初阶段,辫状河携带沉积物直接入“湖”堆积并形成朵状河口坝,入“湖”水流无明显的水道化特征,随着朵状河口坝逐渐堆积露出水面,三角洲平原初步形成,平原上河道开始分流并导致后续河口坝转变为连续的弧形坝分布于先期沉积体周缘,这一阶段三角洲平均半径快速增加;进入第二阶段后,三角洲平均半径增速减缓,供给河道进入三角洲平原后形成1~2条主干分流河道与多条次级分流河道,并在主干河道河口区形成弧形的前缘朵体;到第三阶段,三角洲平原面积已经较大,其平均半径增速进一步降低,平原上分流河道的分叉性更强、宽度更小,不同分流河道规模接近并可同时将沉积物输送到三角洲前缘多个部位发生沉积,在同一时期形成多个孤立的小规模的前缘朵体。③ 在整个沉积演化过程中,伴随着三角洲规模的逐渐增大,分流河道的宽度逐步减小、流程变长、分流河道数量逐步增加,三角洲前缘沉积由少量弧形的连续分布朵体转变为多个孤立分布的小规模朵体。④ 在第二、三阶段,分流河道表现为多个侵蚀—回填的自旋回演化过程,形成了多套自旋回沉积复合体。⑤ 辫状河三角洲前积层存在自下而上、由近向远表现为沉积连续性逐步减小、叠切规律逐渐复杂的特性。通过水槽实验揭示辫状河三角洲沉积演化过程及内部结构,可为露头解剖与地下储层研究提供参考。     

洛南任家滩-荞麦山正长斑岩成因及其对古元古代晚期裂解的指示--岩石化学及锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通南缘的陕西洛南-河南豫西地区出露一系列形成于1.8~1.6Ga的碱性岩,对这些碱性岩的研究有助于提高对华北克拉通南缘古元古代构造环境的认识。本文选取陕西省洛南县任家滩-荞麦山一带碱性侵入体进行系统的岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,讨论了其成因机制和构造背景。研究表明,任家滩-荞麦山岩体的主体岩性为正长斑岩,加权平均年龄为1689±20Ma（MSWD=0.12）,表明其侵位时代为古元古代。该岩体富碱（Na2O+K2O=7.95% ~ 9.5%）,高钾（K2O=4.67% ~ 8.51%）;稀土元素总量较高（496.15×10-6 ~ 650.16×10-6,平均543.06×10-6）,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素相对富集（LREE=454×10-6 ~ 605×10-6）,重稀土元素亏损（HREE=39.3×10-6 ~ 45.6×10-6）,具有弱负铕异常;K、Rb、Ba、Th富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti亏损,并且具有明显的Sr负异常。εHf（t）值<0,TDM1值为2038 ~ 2218Ma,TDM2值为2250 ~ 2516Ma,说明岩浆源区物质与富集地幔有关或受到过地壳物质的混染。因此,任家滩-荞麦山岩体是由地幔玄武质岩浆与地壳基底太华杂岩形成的中酸性花岗质岩浆混合后形成的熔体,经强烈的结晶分异作用形成的,其形成于陆内裂谷的构造环境,是华北克拉通南缘对哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的响应。