Ocean storage of nuclear wastes? Experiences from the Russian Arctic

An international demonstration (RD&D) project for ocean storage of radioactive wastes should be proposed, to study the feasibility of the concept of ocean storage of nuclear waste. This international project should utilize the scientific, engineering and technical capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, NGOs and industries. This project would need to be an independent (non-governmental) study, utilizing the capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, environmental NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and industries. Scientists and engineers first need to conduct an engineering, environmental, and economic feasibility study of the concept. The goal of the project would be to determine if ocean-based storage reduced the risks to the environment and public health to a greater degree than land-based storage. This would require comparing the risks and factors involved and making the data and information available to anyone, anywhere, anytime on the internet. The mere presence of an investigation of the ocean storage option could facilitate scientific and engineering competition between the two options, could subsequently reduce environmental and public risks and provide better protection and cost benefits in the system utilized. One of the primary concerns of the scientific community would be related to the sensitivity and precision of the monitoring of individaul containers on the ocean bottom. An advantage of the land-based option is that if there is a release, its presence could be detected at very low levels and be contained in the storage facility. On the ocean bottom, a release from a container might not be easily detected due to dispersion. Therefore the containment system would have to be a system within a system with monitoring between the two providing greater protection. Ocean storage may have greater technical and political hurdles than land-based options, but it may provide greater protection over time, because it negates the threat of terrorism, it therefore merit further study. In the future if the use of nuclear energy and nuclear wastes increases, the global society could benefit from this international project, because it could reduce environmental and public health risks and promote energy independence.     

Trace metals in estuarine sediments from the southwestern Spanish coast

The impact of river-transported metal pollution and industrial wastes on the metal distribution (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb) in estuarine sediments was studied in the southwestern Spanish estuaries. Intertidal and subtidal surface sediments of the Tinto-Odiel Estuary are very highly polluted by heavy metals, with geoaccumulation indices up to 4 in the three sedimentary environments studied (channel, channel border and salt marsh). The single exception is the Punta Umbria channel, very protected from the point sources by salt marsh deposits and hydraulic processes. In the remaining two estuaries, pollution (Pb, Cu) was only significant near the harbour situated in the Piedras river mouth, whereas very low values were found in the Guadiana Estuary. In these last rivers, the enrichment factor increases from the channel to the salt marsh sediments.     

esearch57-64K282.1

94;1;F;H;H124_1;F094_1;苑杰;53-60清代东北马政探析王颖超;北京师范大学文学院 北京100875清代;;东北;;马政;;大凌河马场;;驿站清政府在东北实施的一系列与马有关的制度主要包括大凌河马场的设立和驿站、驿马的设置。顺治五年,清政府为了征战之需,在东北辽西设立大凌河马场,马场对维护和巩固清统治者的地位起到了重要的军事作用。清代末期,由于清政     

沉积岩的一种各向异性模型

给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。     

足尺磁流变阻尼器的建模及动态特性

在过去三十年左右的时间里,结构保护系统受到了广大研究者的普遍关注.这种保护系统可以用来降低自然灾害(如地震、强风)对上木工程建筑的损害.由于磁流变阻尼器机械结构简单,动态范围大,能耗低,回复力大,鲁棒性良好,能够在满足不同工程项目需求的同时提供有效的结构抗震抗风手段,目前它是一种非常有前途的半主动结构减震装置.本文首先介绍了磁流变液体和装置的主要特性和优点,建立了磁流变阻尼器的伪静力轴对称模型,并将其结果和平行板模型以及阻尼器实验结果进行了比较.尽管伪静力模型对于阻尼器的设计十分有效,但是它们还不足以描述阻尼器的动态特性.对实际工程应用来说,动态响应时间是一项非常重要的性能指标.文章还讨论了影响磁流变阻尼器动态响应时间的因素,建立了基于Bouc-Wen模型的阻尼器动态模型.同时文章也提出了优化阻尼器动态响应的途径和方法以及其实验验证.     

金刚石伴生矿物中的烃类包裹体问题(英文)

首次在Mir金伯利岩筒中的锆石中发现了烃类包裹体。利用低温荧光光谱仪测定出烃类包裹体的成分为萘和菲的同系物 ,芘 ,1,12苯并芘等 ;其成分与Udachnaya岩筒中的橄榄石内的烃类和Mir岩筒中的石榴石中的烃类的成分相近。测定出锆石的δ13C值为 - 2 1 83‰～ - 3 3 5 4‰ ,与用榴辉岩共生组合中最轻的金刚石测出的同位素δ13C值范围相符。文中引述了有关有机物来源的讨论及多环芳烃 (PAH)由缩聚作用形成的论述。伴生矿物中相当数量的PAH的存在证明在形成金刚石及其伴生矿物的情况下 ,若有相当浓度的自由氢存在则可能发生缩聚作用。这些缩聚作用中碳的来源显然与形成金刚石时碳的来源是相同的 (即液态的CH4,CO及CO2 )。     

结构非弹性动力响应的力模拟法

提出了基于力模拟法研究受动力荷载作用的结构非线性特性的一种新的算法，与传统改变刚度矩阵的方法不同，该算法是通过改变结构位移场来进行非弹性分析。结构的每一个非弹性变形代表一个自由度，因而结构所有的非弹性特性可通过一个方程表示。这个算法在计算时间上是非常有效的，因为它仅需使用初始刚度矩阵，且当运动动力分析中的状态空间数值积分法时，可以达到很高的数值精度。而且，这个算法在分析结构应变硬化性质、弹塑性性质和应变软化性质时都是稳定的。通过将这种算法与已有的非弹性动力分析软件程序相比较，说明了这个算法是的、高效的。最后，通过对一个6层医院建筑动力响应分析的应用，演示了该算法在分析实际结构中的完整的非弹性分析过程。     

煤矸石-水相互作用溶解动力学——Ⅱ.煤矸石微量金属元素的矿物学研究

通过对自然风化前后煤矸石微量重金属元素(Cd,Cu,Mo,Pb和Zn)含量与赋存状态的分析和研究发现:煤矸石的自然风化过程是一个微量重金属的富集过程.在这个过程中,以硫化物矿物存在的微量重金属随着硫的氧化而分解.但是,由于已风化煤矸石表面有机质和铁的胶体的存在,这些重金属元素没能迁移到周围环境中去,而是保留在煤矸石的残余构架中.这样,就微量重金属的污染而言,煤矸石对周围环境的影响是有限的.