朝鲜半岛的历史地震资料

朝鲜半岛历史悠久．整理朝鲜半岛地震史料表明，从公元１３年至１９４５年，在半岛上曾经发生过２０７０次历史地震，可堪称是个多地震的地区．这些历史地震资料，对于分析研究中朝邻近地区及其海域的地震活动可能具有很大的参考意义．     

Pyroxene-melt equilibria

Using a literature survey of analyses of high-Ca pyroxene and co-existing silicate melt pairs and analyses of low-Ca pyroxene-silicate melt pairs, we have performed a thermodynamic analysis of pyroxene-melt equilibria. Three sets of mixing model pairs have been considered, based on two mixing models for liquid silicate solutions and two for pyroxene solid solutions. A modified version of a model developed by Bottinga and Weill (1972) for the mixing properties of silicate melts, in which the melt is considered to be composed of independent network-forming and network-modifying quasi-lattices, more successfully accounts for variations in melt composition than does a model which considers the melt to be composed of simple oxides which mix ideally. An empirical model for the mixing properties of pyroxenes, in which the M1 and M2 sites are considered to be equivalent and are combined as a hypothetical ‘M’ site, is as successful in accounting for variations in pyroxene composition at high temperatures as an ideal multisite mixing model.Using a variety of pyroxene-melt relations, and combinations of the mixing models outlined above, we have developed several pyroxene-melt and low-Ca pyroxene-high-Ca pyroxene geothermometers which have internally-consistent precisions of approximately ±20°C (1σ). One of the two-pyroxene geothermometers has been used to calculate ‘quench’ temperatures for a number of eucrites. Computed temperatures are subsolidus, and are consistent with independent geothermometers and with petrographic observations. The equations may also be used to calculate the composition of pyroxene crystallizing from a silicate melt of known composition, with or without independent knowledge of temperature. Internally consistent precisions vary, but are approximately ± 3 mol% Fs, ± 5 mol% En, and ±4 mol% Wo (all 1σ). These equations may have application in modeling the evolution of mineral compositions during differentiation of basaltic magmas, particularly terrestrial layered intrusions and the lunar magma ocean.     

Multiplex PCR allows simultaneous detection of pathogens in ships' ballast water

There is enormous potential for global transfer of microorganisms, including pathogens, in ships' ballast water. We contend that a major advancement in the study of ballast-water microorganisms in particular, and of aquatic pathogens in general, will be expedited sample analysis, such as provided by the elegant technology of DNA microarrays. In order to use DNA microarrays, however, one must establish the appropriate conditions to bind target sequences in samples to multiple probes on the microarrays. We conducted proof-of-concept experiments to optimize simultaneous detection of multiple microorganisms using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. We chose three target organisms, all potentially found in ballast water: a calicivirus, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and the photosynthetic protist Aureococcus anophagefferens. Here, we show simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is possible, a result supporting the promising future use of microarrays for simultaneous detection of pathogens in ballast water.     

盐生植物萌发期对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的适应研究进展

目前我国盐渍土地面积较大,尤其是青藏高原的盐渍地,常伴有干旱、半干旱的生境,导致植物不易生长,生态环境日渐恶劣,这种生态现状亟待解决。盐生植物具有一定的耐盐性和耐旱性,是改善盐渍地的首选植物,种子的活力决定了种子萌发的情况,多数学者为改善严峻的生态环境开始了盐生植物引种的研究。测定种子活力有直接方法和间接方法,大多数学者采用的是直接方法,即在实验室模拟一定条件直接测定萌发率。本文简述了盐生植物的概况、制造胁迫的主要方法以及检测种子活力的指标,综述了近年来各位学者对盐爪爪、白刺等具有代表性的22种盐生植物在种子萌发期的耐盐性以及抗旱性的相关研究,为改善盐渍地的生态环境、提升盐渍地的生产量提供了理论依据。     

Solar Magnetograms at 12 μm Using the Celeste Spectrograph

We present the first solar vector magnetogram constructed from measurements of infra-red Mg I 12.32-μm line spectra. Observations were made at the McMath-Pierce Telescope using the Celeste spectrometer/polarimeter. Zeeman-split Stokes line spectra were fitted with Seares profiles to obtain the magnetic field parameters. Maps of absolute field strength, line-of-sight angle, and azimuth are presented. Analysis shows that the variation in field strength within a spatial resolution element, 2 arcseconds, is greatest in the sunspot penumbra and that this is most likely caused by vertical field strength gradients, rather than horizontal image smearing. Widths of the Zeeman-split σ components, assuming a formation layer thickness of 200 km, indicate that vertical field strength gradients can be as large as 6.5 G/km in a penumbra.     

The Role of the Solar Cycle in the Relationship Between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperatures

The North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is one of the leading modes of climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere. It has been shown that it clearly relates to changes in meteorological variables, such as surface temperature, at hemispherical scales. However, recent studies have revealed that the NAO spatial pattern also depends upon solar forcing. Therefore, its effects on meteorological variables must vary depending upon this factor. Moreover, it could be that the Sun affects climate through variability patterns, a hypothesis that is the focus of this study. We find that the relationship between the NAO/AO and hemispheric temperature varies depending upon solar activity. The results show a positive significant correlation only when solar activity is high. Also, the results support the idea that solar activity influences tropospheric climate fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere via the fluctuations of the stratospheric polar vortex .     

Iowa catalog of solar X-ray flux (2–12 Å)

The absolute X-ray flux from the whole disc of the sun in the wave length range 2 to 12 Å has been observed for a prolonged period by University of Iowa equipment on the earth-orbiting satellite Explorer 33 and the moon-orbiting satellite Explorer 35, both of the Goddard Space Flight Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The observations are continuing at the date of writing (July 1969). A comprehensive catalog of the flux F (2–12 Å) is being produced. The observational technique and the scheme of reducing data are described herein. Sample tabulations and plots are given. A catalog of tabular and graphical data with a time resolution of either 81.8 or 163.6 sec has been completed for the following periods: From Explorer 33: 2 July 1966 to 27 July 1967 From Explorer 35: 26 July 1967 to 18 September 1968 These blocks of data have been delivered to the National Space Science Data Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A. and made available through that agency to interested workers in solar and ionospheric physics. Further blocks of data will be made available as they are completed. An abridged summary of principal flares is published in the monthly Solar-Geophysical Data of the U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration.     

On the hydrodynamics of bobbing cones

The paper describes an experimental investigation into the hydrodynamics of a right circular cone undergoing transient forced vertical oscillations in otherwise still water. Attention is given to the vertical fluid force and the relative vertical motion between the cone and its intersection with the adjacent free water surface. Comparisons are made between linear theory and experimental results extracted from paired response time histories obtained with input displacements of opposite sign. Comparisons are also made with the predictions obtained from fully non-linear numerical models. A slowly varying setup is observed in the measured relative vertical motion and a new second order term is identified in order to formulate a theoretical explanation.     

New cataclysmic variable 1RXS J073346.0+261933 in Gemini

In the course of our search for the optical identifications of ROSAT X-ray sources, we have found a highly variable object with a very unusual behavior on long time scales, rare color indices, and a high X-ray-to-optical flux ratio. We present the archival light curve from the Catalina Sky Survey, optical spectroscopy from RTT150, and time-resolved photometry from the Astrotel-Caucasus telescope. The object appears to be a magnetic cataclysmic variable (a polar) with an orbital period P = 3.20 h.