虚拟水战略新论的社会经济效益分析——以石羊河流域民勤县为例

虚拟水战略已经被认为是一种提高全球水资源利用效率和缺水地区获得水安全的有效工具. 虚拟水战略新论指出, 应充分利用各种社会资源, 打通优化配置水资源(实体水和虚拟水)的渠道. 虚拟水战略能否有效实施的首要任务, 是地区产业结构内部配置的优化. 本文在估算民勤县主要农作物虚拟水量的基础上, 利用部门水效益分析了虚拟水由农业(种植业)部门向第二、三产业转移的三种情景下产生的净效益和创造的社会就业机会, 刻画了实施虚拟水战略的重要理论意义, 佐证了虚拟水战略全新定义的现实意义.     

Orbital period investigation of some short-period sdB-type eclipsing binaries

Analysis of over 15 years of V-band and Wing three filter near-IR photometry of the bright M5Ib-II supergiant has been carried out. Wavelet analysis of these data reveals that the star pulsates with several complicated oscillation modes. Different time scales of variability are identified, and with the aid of discrete Fourier analysis, depending on the filter, up to seven significant pulsation modes are identified and their frequencies and amplitudes extracted. The Long Secondary Period (LSP) with a mean period of ～1343 d has been identified, as well as other periods of the order of ～125 d. The longer period appears to be attributed to the radial pulsational mode, while the various peaks near ～125 d appear to arise from stochastically excited p-modes. After removing the light contribution of the 5th magnitude binary companion and calibrating the intermediate-band photometry to the Wing photometric system, TiO (719 nm) and near-IR (B-C) Wing color indices were formed. These indices have been calibrated with T _eff, while the Wing-C bandpass (1025 nm) serves as a proxy for bolometric magnitude and was transformed to approximate m _bol. Finally, the derivation of the variations in the star’s temperature, luminosity and radius is straightforward.     

从城市到乡村:节事及节事旅游在乡村地域的发展动因及其应用前景

对20世纪60年代以来重要的中西方节事及节事旅游文献进行了回顾和总结,归纳和分析了城市领域内节事及节事旅游发展的总体趋势、最新进展及主要研究成果;在此基础上,以城市领域节事及节事研究进展为参照,通过比较研究的方式,依次阐释了乡村地区节事及节事旅游的发展进程、基本内涵、类型划分及发展动因;借鉴西方国家乡村节事发展经验,结合我国乡村节事发展中的具体问题,对其应用前景进行了分析和展望,以期对国内乡村节事发展及相关研究提供有益的理论指导与实践参照。     

Influence of HITRAN Database Updates on Retrievals of Atmospheric CO2 from Near-Infrared Spectra

The line-transition parameters of the High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) 2008 database have been updated relative to previous editions. The transmission spectra and sensitivity to changes in CO2 concentrations using line parameters from the HITRAN 2004 and HITRAN 2008 databases are compared to evaluate the effect of the database updates on retrievals of carbon dioxide vertical columns from nearinfrared reflected sunlight. This comparison is done in three spectral regions covering the 2.06-, 1.61-, and 1.58-μm CO2bands used by the Greenhouse Gases Observatory Satellite (GOSAT) instrument and the planned successor to the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO). The updates to the HITRAN database have the largest effects on the transmittance and the off-line to on-line transmittance ratio in the 2.06-μm region and the smallest effects on these parameters in the 1.58-μm region. The influence of the updates to the HITRAN database on the off-line to on-line ratio calculation in the narrow spectral region 4855-4880 cm-1 could be equivalent to a change in CO2 of more than 50 ppmv. Use of the HITRAN 2004 database will lead to an underestimate of the column CO2abundance in the 2.06- and 1.61-μm spectral regions, whereas it will lead to an overestimate of the column CO2abundance in the 1.58-μm spectral region.     

1961—2010年桂北晚稻寒露风特征分析

利用广西融安1961—2010年逐日气温和降水量数据,按2008年中国气象局颁布的"寒露风等级气象行业标准",统计该地区近50 a寒露风发生情况。结果表明,近50 a晚稻寒露风屡年发生;从危害日数和天气过程次数来看,以轻度和湿冷型为主;从危害敏感期来看,抽穗开花期影响最严重,花粉母细胞减数分裂期次之,幼穗分化期影响相对较小;从寒露风出现早晚、危害日数和过程次数来看,寒露风年际变化较大,且自21世纪以来寒露风危害呈现减弱趋势。     

环境伦理与区域可持续发展(英文)

The scientific environmental ethics plays a key role in the recognition of the human-environment interactions. Modern environmental ethics is the philosophical re-thinking of modern human race environmental behavior. The development of environmental ethics theory, as well as its application in reality, determines the viewpoints of environmental ethics. Sustainable development implies harmony on human-environment interactions and inter-generation responsibility, with emphasis on a harmonious relationship among population, resources, environment and development, so as to lay a sustainable and healthy foundation of resources and environment for future generations. The harmonious society construction in China that is raised by the Chinese central government should be covered by environmental ethics. The connotation of open environmental ethics includes a respect for nature, care for the individual human race, and respect for the development of future generations, which means giving consideration to natural values, individual and human race benefits and welfare across generations. The role of environmental ethics in regional development consists of cognition, criticism, education, inspiration, adjusting, legislation and promoting environmental regulations. The major problems in regional development are extensive resource exploration, fast population growth, irrational industrial structure, unfair welfare distribution and the twofold effects of science and technology development. The formulation of environmental ethics that aims at regional sustainable development, can not only harmonize the relationship of population, resource, environment and economic development, but also guide behavior selection, push social and political system transformation, strengthen the legal system, and raise environmental awareness of the public.     

中国西南地区纵向岭谷地形对区域生态地理格局的作用(英文)

China’s southwestern special terrain pattern as parallel arrangement between longitudinal towering mountains and deep valleys has significant effects on the differentiation of local natural environment and eco-geographical pattern in this region.The 1:50,000 Digital Elevation Model(DEM) data of Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR),meteorological observation data from the station establishment to 2010,hydrological observation data,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Net Primary Productivity(NPP) products of MOD13 and MOD17 as well as 1:1,000,000 vegetation type data were used.Moisture indices including surface atmospheric vapor content,precipitation,aridity/humidity index,surface runoff,and temperature indices including average temperature,annual accumulated temperature,total solar radiation were selected.Based on ANUSPLIN spline function,GIS spatial analysis,wavelet analysis and landscape pattern analysis,regional differentiation characteristics and main-control factors of hydrothermal pattern,ecosystem structure and function in this region were analyzed to reveal the effects of terrain pattern on regional differentiation of eco-geographical elements.The results show that:influenced by terrain pattern,moisture,temperature and heat in LRGR have shown significant distribution characteristics as intermittent weft differences and continuous warp extension.Longitudinal mountains and valleys not only have a north-south corridor function and diffusion effect on the transfer of major surface materials and energy,but also have east-west barrier function and blocking effect.Special topographic pattern has important influences on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial pattern of ecosystem structure and function,which is the main-control factor on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial distribution of ecosystem.Wavelet variance analysis reflects the spatial anisotropy of environmental factors,NDVI and NPP,while wavelet consistency analysis reveals the control factors on spatial distribution of NDVI and NPP as well as the quantitative relationship with control degree.Special terrain pattern in LRGR is the major influencing factor on eco-geographical regional differentiation in this region.Under the combined effect of zonality and non-zonality laws with "corridor-barrier" function as the main characteristic,special spatial characteristics of eco-geographical regional system in LRGR is formed.     

黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及未来趋势(英文)

This study examines the hydrological and meteorological data of the source region of the Yellow River from 1956 to 2010 and future climate scenarios from regional climate model (PRECIS) during 2010-2020. Through analyzing the flow variations and revealing the climate causes, it predicts the variation trend for future flows. It is found that the annual mean flow showed a decreasing trend in recent 50 years in the source region of the Yellow River with quasi-periods of 5a, 8a, 15a, 22a and 42a; the weakened South China Sea summer monsoon induced precipitation decrease, as well as evaporation increase and frozen soil degeneration in the scenario of global warming are the climate factors, which have caused flow decrease. Based on the regional climate model PRECIS prediction, the flows in the source region of the Yellow River are likely to decrease generally in the next 20 years.     

莘县近50年旱涝特征分析

利用莘县1957-2006年的降水资料,运用统计学方法,分析了莘县降水量的年、季、月分布特征及年际变化,从而得出了莘县全年和作物生长季节旱涝灾害发生的原因和规律。