Study on Unloading Creep Characteristics of the Soil and Application of the Stress-Dependent Creep Model in Suction Caisson Foundation

As the anchoring foundation of the tension leg platform(TLP), suction caisson foundation is subjected to the longterm vertical pullout loads. But there are few studies on the mechanism of the unloading creep of soft clay and longterm uplift bearing capacity of suction caisson foundations. To address this problem, unloading creep tests of soft clay were carried out to analyze the strain development with time under different confining pressures. The test results show that the creep curve rapidly d...     

Assessment of the effectiveness of a multi-site stochastic weather generator on hydrological modelling in the Red Deer River watershed,Canada

ABSTRACT

To improve the convergence of multiple-site weather generators (SWGs) based on the brute force algorithm (MBFA), a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to search the overall optimal correlation matrix. Precipitation series from weather generators are used as input to the hydrological model, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), to generate runoff over the Red Deer watershed, Canada for further runoff analysis. The results indicate that the SWAT model using SWG-generated data accurately represents the mean monthly streamflow for most of the months. The multi-site generators were capable of better representing the monthly streamflow variability, which was notably underestimated by the single-site version. In terms of extreme flows, the proposed method reproduced the observed extreme flow with smaller bias than MBFA, while the single-site generator significantly underestimated the annual maximum flows due to its poor capability in addressing partial precipitation correlations.     

Toward Equal Opportunity of Primary Education: Introducing a Lottery into China’s Proximity-Based Enrollment System

A serious spatial inequality of educational opportunity in school enrollment persists worldwide. The use of random mechanisms in school allocation might improve spatial equality, with lotteries applied in some choice-based systems. China uses a proximity-based assignment, yet the optimization of spatial equality of educational opportunity by introducing a lottery has received little consideration. To achieve the maximum spatial equality of educational opportunity, in this study, a random proximity-based model was developed, and the swarm optimization method was used to solve the model. A case study in the Shijingshan district of Beijing was used to illustrate the model outputs. For comparison, a proximity-based model was also developed and solved. After introducing a lottery into a proximity-based enrollment system, the spatial disparity of educational opportunity was reduced by 70 percent. The average travel distance to school increased 3.5-fold but was still much less than the actual average distance of 4.3?km. Relaxing the maximum travel distance constraint could significantly improve spatial inequality. Although total equality was significantly improved, only 51 percent of students benefited from increased opportunities, which implies that the model could be adopted in a centralized institutional context, such as China, but might be ineffective in a democratic system.     

浙江南部近海鱼类分类多样性研究

根据2015年11月至2016年8月浙江南部近海鱼类调查资料，采用纳尔逊分类系统整理鱼类物种组成，通过计算分类阶元包含指数(TINCL_i)、分类多样性指数(平均分类差异指数△+和分类差异变异指数∧+)分析浙南近海鱼类的分类多样性。调查结果共记录鱼类182种，分属18目78科130属。TINCL_i分析结果显示，浙南近海鱼类种类组成中，其目、科、属所包含的(科、属、种)、(属、种)和(种)的平均数目分别为(4.33、7.22、10.11)、(1.67、2.33)和(1.40)。浙江南部近海鱼类△+值和∧+值分别为62.9和77.0。浙江南部近海鱼类△+值小于高纬度的黄、渤海(66.4)和山东近海(66.1)，大于低纬度的南沙群岛(56.6)、西沙群岛(60.2)和东沙群岛(55.2)，呈现随着纬度降低鱼类△+值随之降低的规律。通过分析浙江南部近海鱼类的分类多样性，可以为浙江南部近海鱼类资源的可持续开发利用及保护提供重要的参考依据。     

Flux density measurements for 32 pulsars in the 20 cm observing band

Flux densities are fundamental observational parameters that describe a pulsar. In the current pulsar catalogue, 27% of the listed radio pulsars have no flux density measurement in the 20 cm observing band. Here, we present the first such measurements for 32 pulsars observed employing the Parkes radio telescope. We have used both archival and new observations to make these measurements. Various schemes exist for measuring flux densities and we show how the measured flux densities vary between these methods and how the presence of radio-frequency interference will bias the flux density measurements.     

The Energy Sources of Superluminous Supernovae

Supernovae(SNe) are the most brilliant optical stellar-class explosions. Over the past two decades, several optical transient survey projects discovered more than-100 so-called superluminous supernovae(SLSNe) whose peak luminosities and radiated energy are ■ 7 × 10~(43) erg s~(-1) and 10~(51) erg respectively, at least an order of magnitude larger than those of normal SNe. According to their optical spectra features, SLSNe have been split into two broad categories of type Ⅰ that are hydrogen-deficient and type Ⅱ that are hydrogen-rich. Investigating and determining the energy sources of SLSNe would be of outstanding importance for understanding their stellar evolution and explosion mechanisms. The energy sources of SLSNe can be determined by analyzing their light curves(LCs) and spectra. The most prevailing models accounting for the SLSN LCs are the ~(56)Ni cascade decay model, the magnetar spin-down model,the ejecta-circumstellar medium interaction model and the jet-ejecta interaction model. In this review, we present several energy-source models and their different combinations.     

国土空间规划:产业空间配置类单幅总图的研制

省级空间规划中的产业空间配置是在“三区三线”划分基础上进一步明确地域功能、引导地域功能格局优化的必要步骤。在综合考虑方法的创新性和成熟度基础上,对在“三区三线”格局内进行产业空间配置的逻辑架构、技术方法、数据体系等内容进行定量和定性相结合的探索性分析,形成了主导产业筛选、产业园区适宜规模识别、重点产业空间识别等流程体系,共同合成了一套用以研制空间规划中的产业空间配置类单幅总图的技术方法。其中,在主导产业筛选体系中综合考虑了产业关联、产业发展基础、发展潜力和政策支持等方面,在产业园区适宜规模识别体系中综合考虑了产业园区级别、园区产业是否切合区域产业发展导向、园区产业发展程度、与各类红线及城镇的空间关系等指标,并从微观企业入手向上总结重点产业空间范围,结合“三区三线”的国土空间适宜性、城镇空间划分结果进行空间叠加,做到了对省级重点产业空间的有效识别和落地。同时,以福建省为案例进行了实践分析。     

Spatio-temporal analysis of the human footprint in the Hengduan Mountain region: Assessing the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts

Mapping the human footprint(HF) makes it possible to quantify human influence, which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem. Using five categories of human pressure data, this study mapped the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region and assessed the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts. The results showed that the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region was generally higher in the south and lower in the north. The HF increased by 11.24% over the past 25 years, with faster growth in the southeast. The HF growth rate in nature reserves was much lower than that across the region, which indicated that nature reserves played an important role in reducing the impact of human pressure. A study of Baimaxueshan nature reserve found that establishing nature reserves could effectively reduce the impact of human activities, and no "leakage" occurred. Population growth was an important reason for the increased HF in nature reserves. The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be based on ecological protection. Strengthening the long-term monitoring, evaluation, and management of nature reserves is a basic requirement for their long-term development.     

Characteristic Test Study on Bearing Capacity of Suction Caisson Foundation Under Vertical Load

Suction caisson foundations are often subjected to vertical uplift loads, but there are still no wide and spread engineering specifications on design and calculation method for uplift bearing capacity of suction caisson foundation.So it is important to establish an uplift failure criterion. In order to study the uplift bearing mechanism and failure mode of suction caisson foundation, a series of model tests were carried out considering the effects of aspect ratio,soil permeability and loading mode. Test results indicate that the residual negative pressure at the top of caisson is beneficial to enhance uplift bearing capacity. The smaller the permeability coefficient is, the higher the residual negative pressure will be. And the residual negative pressure is approximately equal to the water head that causes seepage in the caisson. When the load reaches the ultimate bearing capacity, both the top and bottom negative pressures are smaller than Su and both the top and bottom reverse bearing capacity factors are smaller than 1.0 in soft clay. Combined the uplift bearing characteristics of caisson in sandy soil and soft clay, the bearing capacity composition and the calculation method are proposed. It can provide a reference for the engineering design of suction caisson foundation under vertical load.