Distribution of ice thickness and subglacial topography of the “Chinese Wall” around Kunlun Station,East Antarctica

As fundamental parameters of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, ice thickness and subglacial topography are critical factors for studying the basal conditions and mass balance in Antarctica. During CHINARE 24 (the 24th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, 2007/08), the research team used a deep ice-penetrating radar system to measure the ice thickness and subglacial topography of the “Chinese Wall” around Kunlun Station, East Antarctica. Preliminary results show that the ice thickness varies mostly from 1600 m to 2800 m along the “Chinese Wall”, with the thickest ice being 3444 m, and the thinnest ice 1255 m. The average bedrock elevation is 1722 m, while the minimum is just 604 m. Compared with the northern side of the ice divide, the ice thickness is a little greater and the subglacial topography lower on the southern side, which is also characterized by four deep valleys. We found no basal freeze-on ice in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains area, subglacial lakes, or water bodies along the “Chinese Wall”. Ice thickness and subglacial topography data extracted from the Bedmap 2 database along the “Chinese Wall” are consistent with our results, but their resolution and accuracy are very limited in areas where the bedrock fluctuates intensely. The distribution of ice thickness and subglacial topography detected by ice-penetrating radar clarifies the features of the ice sheet in this “inaccessible” region. These results will help to advance the study of ice sheet dynamics and the determination of future locations of the GSM’s geological and deep ice core drilling sites in the Dome A region.     

Altitude of the upper boundary of AAR based on observations of ion beams in inverted-V structures: A case study

Outflowing ion beams forming four successive inverted-V structures in the energy-time spectrograms of H+, He+, and O+ were observed at an altitude of 3.4 RE by Cluster satellites travelling above the auroral acceleration region (AAR) in the southern hemisphere on February 14, 2001. Energization by negative U-shaped potential structures in the AAR is believed to be responsible for the formation of these outflowing ion inverted-V structures. Thus, utilizing the different motion properties of the three ion species, the altitude of the upper boundary of the AAR is estimated to be ~11100 km. Moreover, based on multi-satellite observations, each of these U-shaped potential structures involved in this event crosses the latitudinal direction at ~0.4°–1° invariantlatitude (ILAT), moving poleward at an average speed of ~0.2° ILAT per minute, before disappearing at ~71.5° ILAT.     

中国主要沙尘暴源区稳定同位素背景值初步研究

采用稳定同位素方法,对中国沙尘暴主要源区塔克拉玛干沙漠、柴达木盆地沙漠、库姆塔格沙漠、腾格里沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠、毛乌素沙地进行了采样分析。结果表明:22个样品¹⁸O和³⁰Si的δ值变化范围分别为9.6~14.8和-1.7~0.3,其中¹⁸O的δ值库姆塔格沙漠最大,柴达木盆地沙漠最小,³⁰Si的δ值毛乌素沙地最大,柴达木盆地沙漠最小。总体而言,样品中³⁰Si的δ值的变异系数要比¹⁸O的δ的变异系数大,因此³⁰Si更适合用于沙尘溯源。相邻的沙漠(沙地)呈现出³⁰Si的δ值相近的趋势,因此推断相邻的沙漠(沙地)沉积物可能来自同一地区。     

降尘对中国北方主要城市光伏电站发电量的影响

中国太阳能光伏发电在2010-2015年实现了飞速发展。降尘降低了光伏电池板表面玻璃的透光率,导致电池板的发电量下降。降尘对太阳能光伏发电影响的量化是预测光伏电站发电量的基础。以降尘相对较严重的北方（年均降雨量小于800mm）36个城市的光伏电站为研究对象,综合考虑温度、降尘、辐射等因素导致的光伏发电量损失,模拟了各城市光伏电站25年内的年均最大发电量。模拟结果显示：（1）36个城市平均年发电量为209.62±30.15kWh·5m^-2,其中,发电量最大的城市是拉萨,最小的为西安,前者约为后者的两倍;（2）年降雨量100~200mm地区年发电量最高,其次为≤100mm的地区,200~400mm和400~600mm的地区发电量几乎相等,600~800mm的地区发电量最小;（3）降尘与电池板最佳倾角的关系可以忽略;（4）降尘导致的光伏发电量损失最大值发生在降雨量为100~200mm区域（5.32%）,然后依次为≤100mm（5.21%）、200~400mm（4.46%）、400~600mm（3.29%）和600~800mm（2.09%）的区域。     

侧向测井电极系结构影响分析及阵列化测量新方法

针对目前广泛使用的侧向测井电极系结构和聚焦方式,利用有限元数值模拟方法研究了三种常见的侧向测井电极系结构对电极系数、井眼影响系数、径向探测深度的影响;对比硬件聚焦中监督电极残余电位差对测井响应的影响,引入聚焦系数,提出了一种利用软件聚焦实现阵列化测量的新方法;利用Oklamoha标准地层模型验证了方法的正确性。结果表明,不同电极系结构和电极系的不同部分对测井响应的作用不同,其中电极系绝缘部分长度对探测特性的影响很大,在电极系设计过程中应重视绝缘尺寸对探测特性的影响。采用软件聚焦方式,不仅消除了硬件聚焦方式中残余电位差的影响,而且在不改变双侧向电极系结构的基础上,选择聚焦系数为0~1.1,得到了不同径向探测深度的测井曲线,实现了类似于阵列侧向测井中的阵列化测量。测量结果表明,电极系数随着聚焦系数的增大而减小,井眼影响系数保持在0.80~1.16,并提高了径向探测能力,最大探测深度达到2.0 m以上,获得更丰富的地层电阻率分布信息。     

断层相关裂缝定性识别：原理与应用

介绍一种定性识别和预测断层相关裂缝的新方法-断面脱空法。该方法以断面脱空理论为基础,通过建立断面脱空空间与断层相关裂缝之间的置换模型,从而实现通过观察断层形迹开展地下断层相关裂缝的定性识别。以塔中Ⅰ号断裂带西侧中古3、塔中72两个井区下奥陶统良里塔格组（O₃l）为例,基于地震资料分别开展剖面和平面上的断层相关裂缝识别,并将预测结果与钻井、测井及地震属性分析获得的裂缝发育特征进行对比研究。结果表明:利用断面脱空原理预测结果与钻测井揭示结果基本一致,与根据均方根检测的裂缝平面分布对比,细节上有差异,但总体特征基本一致,表明利用断面脱空原理可以定性地对断层相关裂缝做出预测。断面脱空理论的提出不仅为定性评价地表、地下断层相关裂缝发育分布规律提供一种新思路,更为定量表征断层相关裂缝提供重要的理论依据。     

雷州半岛近岸海域水环境质量综合评价

采用单因子指数法、富营养化指数法和模糊综合评价法定量评价雷州半岛西岸海域水体环境质量,分析其影响因素,并提出污染防治对策。结果表明：（1）表层海水中的石油类和PO4-P两项评价指标严重超标,超标率达100%;部分站位的pH、Cr6等指标存在着超标现象。（2）除站位HND5外,海域水质均处于低贫营养化水平,且西南部海域水质富营养化程度小于东北部海域,部分站位PO4-P含量超出第三类水质,存在一定的污染危险。（3）从水质排序看,西部海域水环境质量高于东部海域。模糊隶属度高值区出现在乐民港、盐灶、江洪港和蛋场港附近,以及江洪港湾内和蛋场港湾内。（4）表层海水中部分检测项目超标是受近海作业、船舶油污水和上游污染物的影响;近海作业逐年增多,海洋捕捞、海产养殖发展迅猛,造成江洪港附近海域石油类、PO4-P和部分重金属超标严重;乐民港及盐灶附近水质较差可能是由于铁山港的污染物顺流而下所致。     

Has the upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water formation really been enhancing?

Weakening of the upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water formation was detected based on the dissolved oxygen concentration and potential temperature from 1970 to 2004, unlike the suggestion of previous studies that it has been enhanced since the 1970s. The revealed warming and decreasing trends in DO concentration throughout the water column indicate that the conveyor belt system in the Japan Sea is still slowing down even in the intermediate layers, though a relatively active dissolved oxygen supply into the intermediate layers is suggested. This fact leads us to modify the previous concept about the water mass formation; though a relatively active formation of the intermediate water mass occurs, the deep water formation is not counterbalanced by the intermediate water formation, and the overall Japan Sea Proper Water formation has been stagnating since the 1970s.     

Evaluation and fusion of SST data from MTSAT and TMI in East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in 2008

Two typical satellite sea surface temperature (SST) datasets, from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), were evaluated for the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea throughout 2008. Most monthly-mean availabilities of MTSAT are higher than those of TMI, whereas the seasonal variation of the latter is less than that of the former. The analysis on the one-year data shows that the annual mean availability of MTSAT (61%) is greater than that of TMI (56%). This is mainly because MTSAT is a geostationary satellite, which achieves longer observation than the sun-synchronous TMI. The daily availability of TMI (28%-75%) is more constant than that of MTSAT (9%-93%). The signal of infrared sensors on MTSAT is easily disturbed on cloudy days. In contrast, the TMI microwave sensor can obtain information through clouds. Based on in-situ SSTs, the SST accuracy of TMI is superior to that of MTSAT. In 2008, the root mean square (RMS) error of TMI and MTSAT were 0.77 K and 0.84 K, respectively. The annual mean biases were 0.14 K (TMI) and -0.31 K (MTSAT). To attain a high availability of SSTs, we propose a fusion method to merge both SSTs. The annual mean availability of fusion SSTs increases 17% compared to MTSAT. In addition, the availabilities of the fusion SSTs become more constant. The annual mean RMS and bias of fusion SSTs (0.78 K and -0.06 K, respectively) are better than those of MTSAT (0.84 K and -0.31 K).     

基于物联网的心音监测系统的设计与实现

针对行动不便或有长期监测需求的心血管疾病患者,研发了一套远程心音信号监测系统,在家中患者可以实现心脏状况的检测。系统由心音信号采集器、智能手机和远端监护计算机构成。心音信号经过心音信号采集器处理后,通过电信网络传送到医护中心的监护计算机上。借助于Visual C++6.0开发平台,系统实现了患者数据管理,对心音信号进行希尔伯特黄变换方法的去噪处理,对不正常心音情况进行疾病报警。系统成本低、安全无创,监护软件能够采集、处理、显示、存储、分析心音信号,文中通过对13例心音数据进行处理,验证了系统的有效性和可行性。