An analysis of vegetation indices in relation to tree species diversity using by satellite data in the northern forests of Iran

Vegetation indices have been introduced for analyzing and assessing the status of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of vegetation using satellite images. However, choosing the best indices to be used in forest biodiversity and vegetation is one of the important problems faced by the users. The purpose of this research is to evaluate six vegetation indices in the analysis of tree species diversity in the northern forests of Iran. The present research uses LISS III sensor data from IRS-P6 satellite. Geometric rectification of images was performed using ground control points, and Chavez model was used for atmospheric correction of the data. The six spectral vegetation indices included NDVI, IPVI, Ashburn Vegetation Index (AVI), TVI, TTVI, and RVI. Shannon–Wiener species diversity index was used to analyze diversity, and the value of the index was calculated in each sample plot. Then, the spectral values of each sample plot were extracted from different bands. The best subset regression was used to analyze the relationship between species diversity and the related bands. The results obtained from the regression showed that polynomial equations under scrutiny as independent variables can assess tree and shrub species diversity better than other bands and compounds used (R ²?=?0.47). The obtained results also indicated a higher capacity in the case of the AVI index for estimating tree species diversity in the under study area.     

用多元回归分析从试井求得的平均渗透系数提取单层参数信息的方法

本文提供一种从试井求得的平均渗透系数回算每个单层渗透系数的方法。井的试验,无论是为供水、排水或工程建设目的的常规试井,还是为热田开发目的的专门性地热试井,其首要任务是确定含水层或热储层的各项参数,其中最主要者为地层的渗透系数K。     

Numerical investigation of the control factors driving Zhe-Min Coastal Current

During the northeast monsoon season, Zhe-Min Coastal Current(ZMCC) travels along the Chinese mainland coast and carries fresh, cold, and eutrophic water. ZMCC is significantly important for the hydrodynamic processes and marine ecosystems along its path. Thus, this bottom-trapped plume deserves to be further discussed in terms of the major driving factor, for which different opinions exist. For this purpose, in this study, a high resolution Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated Syste...     

断层破裂方式对银川盆地强地面运动的影响

银川盆地是受断层控制的断陷性盆地,边缘和内部发育了多条断裂带,特别是其内部晚更新世-全新世活动的银川隐伏断层可能对银川市的建设规划和抗震设防影响较大.为了研究银川隐伏断层活动对银川盆地强地面运动特征的影响,本文以银川隐伏活动断层作为目标断层,模拟了断层发生Mw6.5特征地震时,在单侧破裂和双侧破裂两种方式下,银川盆地的强地面运动分布特征.分析结果表明在两种破裂方式下,盆地内强地面运动表现出不同形态的地震条带状分布特征和上盘效应;同时受到银川盆地边缘断裂"西陡东缓"构造特征的影响,地表强地震动分布和断层附近观测点的时程也呈现出独特的盆地边界反射作用.在单侧破裂和双侧破裂两种模式下,近场强地面运动集中区总体上呈现北强南弱的现象,银川市及附近的芦花台等地区是强地面运动分布的主要区域.     

松辽盆地深层孔隙流体压力预测

孔隙流体压力属于流体状态参量, 它是进行盆地动力学分析、油气成藏动力学分析以及油气预测的重要因素之一.孔隙流体压力的预测模式应尽量将各种地质作用对其的贡献考虑进去, 并且, 利用大量的实际地层测试参数与各种地球物理参数之间的相互关系来选择适当的数学模型.选用神经网络计算技术对松辽盆地深层孔隙流体压力进行了预测, 并对孔隙流体压力的可能成因进行了分析.      

海原断裂带内第三纪老龙湾拉分盆地的地质特征

在海原断裂带内部发现一个第三纪拉分盆地 ,命名为老龙湾拉分盆地。根据卫片解译结果和野外地质调查 ,对该盆地内的地层沉积序列、地层分布、相关断裂等特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,老龙湾拉分盆地发育于海原断裂内的最大斜列部位 ,盆地沉积受边界断裂控制 ;盆地内部沉积了巨砾岩、杂砾岩及紫红色 -灰绿色泥岩、桔红色角砾岩等地层 ,最大沉积厚度约 4 6 0 0m。老龙湾盆地内部地层不整合于不同的外围地层之上 ,根据对盆地内部沉积序列及外围第三系的区域对比 ,认为盆地沉积开始于中新世中期。由以上特征确定老龙湾盆地为海原断裂带内的第三纪拉分盆地。它为青藏高原东北缘第三纪的走滑断层活动的研究提供了地质证据     

干旱荒漠区土地利用方式快速转变对土壤入渗性能的影响

研究不同土地利用类型下土壤入渗及其影响因素,有助于城市土地利用管理及径流调节。以快速城市化的兰州新区6种土地利用类型为例,利用圆盘入渗仪,对土壤水分入渗过程进行了实地测量,并利用主成分分析对影响因素进行研究。结果表明：城市化过程中土地利用变化使土壤砂粒和容重增加,总孔隙度和饱和含水量降低;待建地和人工林地的土壤入渗参数值均低于其他土地利用类型。土壤入渗率与有机质含量、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、粉粒含量正相关,与容重和砂粒、黏粒含量负相关。城市化过程中土地利用类型向待建地的转变改变了土壤理化性质及土壤水分入渗能力。     

1.5 μm波长n-p-n型InGaAsP-InP晶体管激光器材料外延生长

基于器件模拟仿真,设计了一种1.5 μm波长InGaAsP-InP晶体管激光器材料外延结构. 其多量子阱有源区置于基区非对称波导中. 仿真结果显示该外延结构能够获得较好的光场限制和侧向电流限制. 对该材料MOCVD生长研究表明,基极重掺杂接触层中Zn²⁺扩散将导致量子阱严重退化. 通过对其扩散过程的模拟仿真,采用平均掺杂浓度为1×10¹⁸ cm^-3的梯度掺杂,有效地抑制了Zn²⁺向量子阱区的扩散. 所获得的外延材料在     

Seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic carbon cycling in the western and central tropical-subtropical pacific: A physical-biogeochemical modeling study

The oceanic carbon cycle in the tropical-subtropical Pacific is strongly affected by various physical processes with different temporal and spatial scales, yet the mechanisms that regulate air-sea CO₂ flux are not fully understood due to the paucity of both measurement and modeling. Using a 3-D physical-biogeochemical model, we simulate the partial pressure of CO₂ in surface water (pCO_2sea) and air-sea CO₂ flux in the tropical and subtropical regions from 1990 to 2004. The model reproduces well the observed spatial differences in physical and biogeochemical processes, such as: (1) relatively higher sea surface temperature (SST), and lower dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pCO_2sea in the western than in the central tropical-subtropical Pacific, and (2) predominantly seasonal and interannual variations in the subtropical and tropical Pacific, respectively. Our model results suggest a non-negligible contribution of the wind variability to that of the air-sea CO₂ flux in the central tropical Pacific, but the modeled contribution of 7% is much less than that from a previous modeling study (30%; McKinley et al., 2004). While DIC increases in the entire region SST increases in the subtropical and western tropical Pacific but decreases in the central tropical Pacific from 1990 to 2004. As a result, the interannual pCO_2sea variability is different in different regions. The pCO_2sea temporal variation is found to be primarily controlled by SST and DIC, although the role of salinity and total alkalinity, both of which also control pCO_2sea, need to be elucidated by long-term observations and eddy-permitting models for better estimation of the interannual variability of air-sea CO₂ flux.     

山东省矿产资源开发利用现状与保护对策探讨

山东是矿业大省,矿产资源的开发程度较高,但也存在着不容忽视的问题。针对产生这些问题的原因,提出了实现矿产资源可持续开发利用的六项建议,强调应从增强矿产资源的忧患意识、保护生态环境、加强矿产勘查、强化政府管理职能及依靠科技进步等方面加大工作力度。