小球藻△12脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的克隆与序列分析

利用已报道的△12脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列的保守区域,设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR的方法获得了小球藻NJ-7的内质网型△12脂肪酸去饱和酶基因(CvFAD2)的部分序列,然后采用RACE的方法分别克隆到5'片段和3'片段,拼接后设计特异引物扩增到全长cDNA.该基因全长为2 032 bp,ORF为1158 bp,编码385个氨基酸,分子质量约为44 ku.根据已经得到的CvFAD2序列推导成氨基酸序列与一些已知物种的FAD2氨基酸序列相比较,同源性分别为普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)75%,莱菌衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)57%,石榴(Punica granatum)57%,麻疯树(Jatropha curcas)52%.系统发育分析表明,南极小球藻CvFAD2基因与真核微藻(衣藻和普通小球藻)的FAD2基因聚在一起,介于真菌与高等植物之间,并且真核微藻FAD2基因与高等植物的同源性更高,推测其在进化上与高等植物的亲源关系更近.     

环境因子对鳗弧菌生长和胞外蛋白酶表达的影响

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)是一种水产动物的重要致病菌,鳗弧菌分泌的胞外蛋白酶是该菌的致病因子之一.研究了环境因子对鳗弧菌W-1生长及胞外蛋白酶表达的影响.结果表明,鳗弧菌的最适生长温度为28℃,菌体生长量在21 h达到最高,胞外蛋白酶的活力在24 h最高.在37℃培养时,菌体生长和酶活力显著降低;添加葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖等碳源物质均能显著促进菌体的生长,但对于胞外蛋白酶表达有明显抑制作用;1 mmol/L EGTA对茵体的生长和胞外蛋白酶表达没有明显影响,而1 mmol/L的EDTA强烈抑制鳗弧菌的生长及其胞外蛋白酶的表达.添加不同浓度的氨苄青霉素对菌体的生长及其胞外蛋白酶表达有明显的抑制作用.     

Numerical Simulation on Oscillation-Sliding-Uplift Rock Coupled Motion of Caisson Breakwater Under Wave Excitation

Corresponding to the sliding and the overturning failure, the elementary motion modes of caisson breakwater include the horizontal-rotational oscillation coupled motion, the horizontal sliding-rotational oscillation coupled motion, the horizontal vibrating-uplift rocking coupled motion, and the horizontal sliding- uplift rocking coupled motion. The motion mode of a caisson will transform from one to another depending on the wave forces and the motion behaviors of the caisson. The numerical models of four motion modes of caisson are developed, and the numerical simulation procedure for joint motion process of various modes of caisson breakwater under wave excitation is presented and tested by a physical model experiment. It is concluded that the simulation procedure is reliable and can be applied to the dynamic stability analysis of caisson breakwaters.     

Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ Ratios of Magnetite using Different Methods: A Case Study from the Qimantag Metallogenic Belt

Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios from metallogenic belts to explore controlling physical and chemical conditions of rock formation is of great significance. In order to explore magnetite Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios of the Qimantag metallogenic belt, part of the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, western Central Orogenic Belt of China, and overcome the limitation of the traditional electronic probe, five different measurement methods are proposed and their respective advantages and disadvantages evaluated, with the composition data of the magnetite obtained using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The direct oxygen measurement method has a significant impact on the determination results of FeO and Fe2O3, but the accuracy and uniformity of the results are low. The valence method (Flank method) based on the spectral intensity ratio of Lα to Lβ for iron is also unreliable for FeO and Fe2O3 measurements because it is difficult to establish a relationship between Lβ/Lα, the spectral intensity ratio, and the Fe2+/Fe3+ content ratio. In comparison, the charge difference method, the surplus-oxygen method and the M?ssbauer spectrum method are still the most favorable. M?ssbauer spectroscopy, with its isomer movement particularly sensitive to the oxidation state of iron, yields results closer to 0.5, which is relatively reliable. Earlier magnetite deposits are located in intrusions or contact zones and formed by magmatic fluids with high Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios, whereas later magnetite deposits are farther away from intrusions and have low Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios. The transformation mechanism of hematite and magnetite in the Qimantage metallogenic belt is also studied. No large volume changes, such as pore filling and shrinkage fracture, were detected in the metallogenic belt, and the transformation mechanism is more similar to a reoxidation and reduction mechanism.