新疆“帕米尔式”铁矿床成因与成矿背景分析

帕米尔式"铁矿床是新疆西昆仑地区重要的磁铁矿床类型之一,其矿床地质特征、形成时代明显有别于典型的BIFs类型磁铁矿床。本文以塔什库尔干地区翁吉勒磁铁矿床和孜勒依磁铁矿床作为研究对象,通过研究其赋矿围岩和岩体的岩石地球化学特征、矿石矿相学特征、磁铁矿微量元素地球化学特征和原位Pb-Pb同位素特征,探讨了"帕米尔式"磁铁矿床的矿床成因和成矿背景。岩石地球化学研究表明翁吉勒黑云母二长花岗岩具有高SiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O和Na_2O。低MgO、CaO和TiO_2,而Na_2O/K_2O值变化范围很小。铝饱和指数为(1.44~1.51),显示其具有为弱过铝质岩石的特征,稀土总量富集,具有强的负Eu异常。在微量元素蛛网图上显示其富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),如K、Rb、Sr、Ba及轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Ta,P、Ti等高场强元素。而黑云母石英片岩稀土含量亦较富集,具有中等强度的负Eu异常。低的Rb/Sr比,明显的Th、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta,P、Ti负异常,明显的Ba正异常,显示岩石具有古大陆边缘环境的富铝沉积岩特征。翁吉勒黑云母二长花岗岩和布伦阔勒岩群黑云母石英片岩地球化学性质非常相似,表明翁吉勒黑云母二长花岗岩的形成与布伦阔勒岩群黑云母石英片岩的重熔有关。锆石LA ICP-MS定年结果表明翁吉勒黑云母二长花岗岩形成于15.0±0.3Ma和15.4±0.2Ma。磁铁矿LA ICP-MS微量元素地球化学特征表明翁吉勒铁矿床中的磁矿床中主要Si、Mn、Zn、Sn、Hf和Pb相对较高,其中Mn和Ga变化范围较大,而孜勒依铁矿床中的磁铁矿具有相对较高的亲石元素,如Mg、Al、Ti、V、Co、Ni、Ga和Sc等,其Mn和Zn含量较低且变化范围较大,其它元素变化范围均相对较窄。二者相比,翁吉勒铁矿床中的磁铁矿中微量元素变化范围相对较大,而孜勒依铁矿床中的磁铁矿变化范围较小。两个矿床的磁铁矿的原位Pb-Pb同位素存在明显的不同,两类岩石全岩Pb同位素与两个矿床中磁铁矿Pb-Pb同位素研究表明翁吉勒铁矿床中磁铁矿可能与黑云母二长花岗岩有关,为热液成因。综上所述,在塔什库尔干地区不仅存在与沉积作用有关的铁矿床,还可能存在一部分与年轻岩浆岩有关的热液型磁铁矿床。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦中天山地质特征及研究进展

文章通过对近年来有关吉尔吉斯中天山研究进展的梳理,结合在吉尔吉斯斯坦的实地考察,系统论述了中天山基础地质情况,并简述与岩浆活动有关的成矿作用。吉尔吉斯斯坦境内的天山由"尼古拉耶夫线"和阿特巴什—伊内尔切克断裂划分为北、中、南3部分。中天山两侧的缝合带限定了早古生代古吉尔吉斯洋和晚古生代南天山洋的发展和消亡过程。组成中天山的不同块体大多具有古元古界的基底,古生代总体处于大陆坡-边缘海沉积环境。晚古生代产出与俯冲相关的岩浆作用和后碰撞岩浆作用,前者与斑岩型铜矿、接触交代型铜-金矿相关,后者与造山型金矿相关。     

冰层取心回转钻进模拟实验台的设计与测试

极地钻探实践表明,冰盖底部冰岩交界附近地质情况异常复杂,不但可能存在暖冰、基底融水,甚至还存在厚度不等的冰岩夹层,取心钻探异常困难,而优选钻头类型、确定合理的钻进参数是保证其安全、快速钻进的重要因素。本文设计了一套能够模拟冰层回转钻进的实验台,其技术参数为：钻压、转速分别可在0～10 kN、0～300 r/min范围内调节,最大扭矩约100 N·m。该实验台能够测量钻头切削具温度、钻孔深度及钻进速度等参数,为深入研究钻头类型及结构参数、钻进参数对扭矩、钻速和切削温度的影响规律提供了手段。采用PDC复合片钻头进行了冰钻实验,结果表明,实验台能够准确调节钻压和转速,可满足实验要求。     

青藏高原气候演变的湖相沉积有机地球化学记录——以兹格塘错为例

为探究青藏高原全新世夏季风最强、气候最湿润阶段这一争论议题,本文应用气相色谱仪(GC-FID)和气相色谱-高温热转变-同位素比值质谱仪(GC-TC-IRMS),分析了兹格塘错沉积岩心正构烷烃及其氢同位素特征。结果表明,兹格塘错岩心中主要以n-C15/16/17为主峰碳的短链正构烷烃占据主导地位,指示了湖泊自生浮游藻类与菌类等低等生物对湖泊沉积岩心中的有机质贡献高于大型水生植物和陆生高等植物表皮蜡质所产生的有机质。基于正构烷烃参数(如:碳优势指数CPI值和平均碳链长度ACL值)及单体氢同位素比值在时间序列上的变化特征,指出兹格塘错流域的气候湿润期处于中全新世(5.8~2.7 cal ka BP),明显滞后于早全新世的太阳辐射最强期,这主要归结于该流域冰川融水补给的匮乏及局地环流的影响。     

贵州威宁麻窝山岩溶盆地沉积物中粘土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义

利用X射线衍射等分析方法,对贵州威宁麻窝山岩溶盆地沉积物中粘土矿物进行研究,获得了粘土矿物的组成、相对含量、结晶度指数、化学指数以及相对含量比值等方面的信息,探讨该盆地的沉积环境演化特征。研究表明,粘土矿物以伊/蒙混层矿物(30%~75%)和绿泥石(10%~45%)为主,高岭石(5%~20%)和伊利石(10%)次之,基本不含蒙脱石。伊/蒙混层矿物和绿泥石含量呈负相关性。高岭石含量在剖面底部较稳定,在484cm上部出现较大的波动。伊利石结晶度和化学指数与伊/蒙混层矿物含量具有较好的正相关性,且在第Ⅰ阶段相对于其它指标较敏感,出现波动。通过综合对比分析,将研究区剖面划分为4个阶段,其是3个冷暖干湿的大循环和若干个小循环气候环境的物质记录。     

基于二元Gumbel-Logistic模型的石岛湾海区异常水位研究

本文利用石岛湾海洋站实测的连续20年的波高和风暴潮增水的数据资料,计算取得异常水位资料,以二元Gumbel-Logsitic分布模型为基础,考虑波高和增水的相关性,运用联合概率法,推算石岛地区多年一遇设计异常水位组合,并与均取极值方法的结果作对比。结果显示,石岛地区应采用以波高为主的同时性资料为主要分析资料,本文的方法更加接近实际情况,使用方便,结果可靠。     

Numerical Investigation of Submarine Hydrodynamics and Flow Field in Steady Turn

This paper presents numerical simulations of viscous flow past a submarine model in steady turn by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier?Stokes Equations (RANSE) for incompressible, steady flows. The rotating coordinate system was adopted to deal with the rotation problem. The Coriolis force and centrifugal force due to the computation in a body-fixed rotating frame of reference were treated explicitly and added to momentum equations as source terms. Furthermore, velocities of entrances were coded to give the correct magnitude and direction needed. Two turbulence closure models (TCMs), the RNG model with wall functions and curvature correction and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model without the use of wall functions, but with curvature correction and low-Re correction were introduced, respectively. Take DARPA SUBOFF model as the test case, a series of drift angle varying between 0° and 16° at a Reynolds number of 6.53×106 undergoing rotating arm test simulations were conducted. The computed forces and moment as a function of drift angle during the steady turn are mostly in close agreement with available experimental data. Though the difference between the pressure coefficients around the hull form was observed, they always show the same trend. It was demonstrated that using sufficiently fine grids and advanced turbulence models will lead to accurate prediction of the flow field as well as the forces and moments on the hull.     

基于恐龙足迹重建攀西地区白垩纪恐龙动物群

攀西地区没有白垩纪恐龙骨骼化石记录,对该区白垩纪恐龙动物群组合的认识尚属空白。1991年,攀西地区首次发现了恐龙足迹,此后陆续发现了8个足迹点。这些足迹点共发现9种不同的非鸟恐龙足迹(6种非鸟兽脚类、1种蜥脚类和2种鸟脚类足迹),以及翼龙和龟类足迹。共11种足迹形态类型由185道行迹(与孤立足迹)组成,可能代表着同等数量的造迹者。其中飞天山组的组合多样性最强,小坝组和雷打树组较弱。这个相对全面的足迹数据库,为该地区白垩纪四足类的古生态学普查提供了动物群的组成信息,这在该缺乏骨骼化石的地区显得尤为重要。     

Ultimate Bending Capacity of Strain Hardening Steel Pipes

Based on Hencky’s total strain theory of plasticity, ultimate bending capacity of steel pipes can be determined analytically assuming an elastic-linear strain hardening material, the simplified analytical solution is proposed as well. Good agreement is observed when ultimate bending capacities obtained from analytical solutions are compared with experimental results from full-size tests of steel pipes. Parametric study conducted as part of this paper indicates that the strain hardening effect has significant influence on the ultimate bending capacity of steel pipes. It is shown that pipe considering strain hardening yields higher bending capacity than that of pipe assumed as elastic-perfectly plastic material. Thus, the ignorance of strain hardening effect, as commonly assumed in current codes, may underestimate the ultimate bending capacity of steel pipes. The solutions proposed in this paper are applicable in the design of offshore/onshore steel pipes, supports of offshore platforms and other tubular structural steel members.     

SHRIMP Zircon U‐Pb Age of the Piqiang Layered Intrusion in the Tarim Large Igneous Province and Subducted Slab‐Plume Interaction in Its Petrogenesis

正Objective During the Permian,at least four mafic continental large igneous provinces(LIPs)were formed in eastern Asia,i.e.,the Siberian traps(~251 Ma),Emeishan LIP(~260 Ma),Tarim LIP(~290–270 Ma)and Panjal traps(~290 Ma)(Shellnutt et al.,2015).The Emeishan and Tarim LIPs in China are both known for the presence of several magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits hosted in layered maficultramafic intrusions.The origin of such magmatic Fe-Ti-