夏季红枫湖地区农田土壤-大气界面汞交换通量的初步研究

采用动力学通量箱法(Dynamic Flux Chamber)与高时间分辨率大气测汞仪联用技术对贵州红枫湖地区土壤-大气界面间汞交换通量进行了初步研究.结果显示,红枫湖地区土壤-大气界面间汞交换通量变化范围为-8.6 ng～215.3 ng@m-2@h-1,平均27.4士40.1 ng/m2@h(n=255);且土壤与大气界面间的汞交换是双向的既有土壤汞的释放,又有大气汞的沉降,主要以土壤汞的释放为主(n释放=253,n沉降=2n).土壤汞的释放通量与土壤温度、气温、光照强度有强相关关系,相关系数分别为0.80、0.83、0.74.     

论数字城市工程及其技术体系

分析了数字城市的内涵 ,基于数字工程思想 ,总结了数字城市的工程结构与技术体系 ,进而阐述了数字城市的意义与建设策略。     

基于OpenGIS规范的地理信息系统组件的内核及功能设计

提出了符合OpenGIS规范的二维地理信息系统组件软件MapManager的设计思想 ,介绍了MapManager的设计过程 ,并对其不足和进一步研究方向进行了讨论。     

A precise monitoring of snow surface height in the region of Lambert Glacier basin-Amery Ice Shelf,East Antarctica

The net surface snow accumulation on the Antarctic ice sheet is determined by a combination of precipitation, sublimation and wind redistribution. We present a one-year record of hourly snow-height measurements at LGB69 (70°50'S, 77°04'E, 1850 m a.s.l.). east side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), and 4 year record at G3 (70°53'S, 69°52'E, 84 m a.s.l.), Amery Ice Shelf (AIS). The measurements were made with ultrasonic sensors mounted on automatic weather stations installed at two sites. The snow accumulation at LGB69 is approximately 70 cm. Throughout the winter, between April and September, there was little change in surface snow height (SSH) at the two sites. The negative SSH change is due to densification at LGB69, and is due to both ablation and densification at G3. The strongest accumulation at two sites occurred during the period between October and March (accounting for 101.6% at LGB69), with four episodic increasing events occurring during 2002 for LGB69, and eight events during 1999-2002 for G     

Changes in the spatial scale of Beijing UHI and urban development

The seasonal and interannual variations of Beijing urban heat island (UHI) are investigated in this paper using the temperature data from 1960 to 2000 at 20 meteorological stations in the Beijing region, and then the relationship between the intensity and spatial scale of UHI and Beijing urbanization indices is analyzed and discussed. Main conclusions are the followings. First, Beijing UHI shows obvious seasonal variations, and it is strongest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer. The seasonal variation of the UHI mainly occurs in the urban area. The UHI intensity at the center of Beijing is more than 0.8℃ in winter, and only 0.5℃ in summer. Second, the intensity of Beijing HUI exhibits a clear interannual warming trend with its mean growth rate (MGR) being 0.3088℃/10 a. The MGR of HUI is largest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer, and the urban temperature increase makes a major contribution to the growth of HUI intensity. Third, since the Reform and Opening, the urbanization indices have grown several ten times or even one hundred times, the intensity of HUI has increased dramatically, and its spatial scale also expanded distinctively along with the expansion of urban architectural complexes. Fourth, the interannual variation of urbanization indices is very similar with that of HUI intensity, and their linear correlation coefficients are significant at a more than 0.001 confidence level.     

GPS-RTK与常规仪器配合在地质勘探测量中的应用

通过东山坞矿区的测量作业,简要介绍RTK在测量中的强大功能,重点介绍了GPS-RTK在地质勘探测量中的控制测量、工程点测设以及勘探线剖面测量等应用情况。结合常规测量仪器及技术方法,既弥补了RTK在矿山测量的不足,又体现了GPS-RTK的作业优势,同时反映出常规测量仪器不可替代的作用,两者相辅相成,相得益彰。     

基于小波分析的抚松县降水量变化对矿泉水资源量的响应研究

大气降水是抚松县矿泉水资源的重要补给来源,探究其变化规律及极值概率对泉流量是否能够得到持续补给具有重要意义。为此,首先利用1960~2013年的降水资料和1981~2008年部分泉流量观测数据,对抚松县降水量的年内分配、年际变化和不同年代降水量均值变化进行降水特征分析;之后,运用皮尔逊Ⅲ型模型分析最大年降水量的概率分布;接着,利用1981年7月~2008年11月期间降水量和部分泉的泉流量监测数据,采用连续小波分析法对二者周期进行分析;最后,运用交叉小波变换法对同一时段内降水量和泉流量多时间尺度变化的相关性进行分析。结果表明:1960~2013年的54间,研究区内年降水量呈现周期性变化,变差系数为1.017×10-17,降水稳定,未发生异常变化。降水量和泉流量均存在约11个月的主震荡周期,二者属于同相位(即泉流量对降水量的变化产生即刻反应),降水量作为本区矿泉水补给的重要影响因素,可为矿泉水资源得到有效补给提供保证。     

新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组杂砂岩沉积构造背景分析

新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组位于塔阿西构造混杂岩带南侧,总体为一套深海复理石建造,主要以杂砂岩为主。源区岩石没有经过充分的搬运、分选,成熟度比较低。杂砂岩的稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集和Eu亏损明显的特征,与典型的后太古宙页岩和上地壳非常相似。微量元素含量也接近于大陆上地壳值,说明杂砂岩中的物源来自上地壳。沉积环境分析表明,杂砂岩母岩原岩为大量长英质火成物质和少量沉积物,其形成于深海厌氧环境。大地构造背景分析表明,杂砂岩物源区的构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼具活动大陆边缘的性质。结合区域地质构造背景,认为下-中二叠统神仙湾组为裂陷盆地沉积。     

GPS RTK在异形建筑物放样中的应用

针对异形建筑物传统施工放样过程操作复杂、效率低下的问题,该文提出了采用GPS RTK进行异性建筑物施工中的放样工作。以天津市文化中心商业项目为例,利用GPS RTK技术分别对建筑物的主轴线和异形次轴线进行了放样工作,并与全站仪在放样过程和数据精度两个方面进行了对比分析,实现了异型建筑物快速、高效的施工放样。实验结果表明,GPS RTK技术不仅在放样过程中操作简单,节约资金,而且放样精度满足工程要求,相对全站仪来说具有很大优势,有助于提高复杂异形建筑物的施工放样效率。     

HONO在γ-Al2O3(110)表面非均相氧化SO2机理的第一性原理研究

为研究亚硝酸(HONO)在γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面非均相氧化SO_2的机理,基于密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT)的第一性原理计算了SO_2和HONO在γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面的吸附机制和氧化机制。结果表明,SO_2以分子的形式吸附在完整或缺陷的γ-Al_2O_3(110)表面,而HONO仅在完整表面上以分子的形式存在。表面氧缺陷的存在不仅会增强SO_2和HONO的吸附强度,而且能诱导HONO在含氧缺陷表面的分解(HONO→NO+·OH)。通过局域态密度(partial density of states,PDOS)和Mulliken电荷布局分析表明,HONO的分解遵循Haber-Weiss机制。当SO_2和HONO共同吸附在氧缺陷表面时,HONO分解产生·OH,氧化SO_2形成HOSO_2团簇分子。该研究不仅有助于理解HONO在矿物氧化物表面氧化SO_2的作用,而且为解释大气硫酸盐气溶胶的形成提供了理论依据。