黔南地区早二叠世大幅度冰川性 海平面下降的沉积学新证据

众所周知,石炭纪-二叠纪期间冈瓦纳大陆冰盖的推进和消融在低纬度地区形成了许多高频海平面升降变化和广泛分 布的旋回沉积.最新研究表明,石炭纪-二叠纪冰室气候时期的大陆冰盖是由一系列不连续的冰期组成.因此石炭纪-二叠纪 期间既存在高频低幅的海平面变化,也发育多次大幅度海平面下降.前者在华南地区已有研究证实,后者仍需要深入研究.描 述了贵州龙吟和紫云扁平剖面早二叠世碳酸盐岩地层中古岩溶特征,包括垮塌角砾岩及相关沉积构造,分别对应早二叠世两 次冰期导致的显著海平面下降,对深入了解华南地区早二叠世古地理演化具有重要意义.      

国际沉积学会（IAS）28届沉积学大会在西班牙召开

国际沉积学会（IAS）28届沉积学大会于2011年7月5—8日在西班牙萨拉戈萨（Zaragoza）顺利召开。本次沉积学大会主题包括1）陆相沉积环境、2）海相沉积环境、3）沉积过程、4）盆地分析、5）成岩作用、6）应用沉积学和资源沉积学,以及两个专题讨论会（干旱内流盆地中河流沉积过程与结构、     

铁元素对海相沉积物早期成岩作用的影响

铁元素是地壳中丰度最高的元素之一,在海相沉积物成岩过程中起着非常重要的作用.铁元素作为海洋初级生产力的微营养元素,影响海相沉积物中有机质的输入,其在早期成岩阶段与硫化物和磷元素的耦合关系,可以促进或者降低有机质的保存;铁元素在海相沉积物早期成岩过程中可以改变孔隙水的化学性质,影响亚稳定碳酸盐矿物的保存,导致碳酸盐沉积物...     

Subdivision of Permian Fossil Communities and Habitat Types in Northeast Sichuan, South China

Recent achievement in hydrocarbon exploration In Northeast Sichuan (四川) demonstrated that Permian calcareous and argillaceous deposits are the major contributing source rocks. Reevaluation on the hydrocarbon potential of the Permian strata over the whole Yangtze region is thus to be desired. A comprehensive corroboration was carried out at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Guangyuan (广元), Northeast Sichuan, which is believed to be another promising area in South China. This article deals with the ecological and depositionai conditions of the Permian strata in the section, including the Chihsla, Maokou (茅口), Wujiaping (吴家坪), and Dalong (大隆) formations, which share some similarities with those occurring in the broad Yangtze carbonate platforms. Five fossil communities of Mizzia-Permocalculus, Hayasakaia, Inozoan, Ostracod, and Crinoid were identified in the Yangtze region and described in detail including their components and occurrence. On the basis of the fossil communities and depositional features, 23 habitat types, mainly occurring from inner to outer shelves, were recognized at the Shangsi Section in order to reconstruct the depositional conditions and accordingly to evaluate the paleoproductivity. In addition, the subdivision of Chihsia Formation in the section was revised, which would be of significance for the reconstruction of the Chihsian paleogeography in the study area.     

Biogeochemical Records at Shangsi Section, Northeast Sichuan in China： The Permian Paleoproductivity Proxies

The marine primary producers assimilate the atmospheric CO2 to form the organic carbon in surface water. The organic carbon then settles down through the water column and is removed from the oceans by final preservation in sediments in the form of petroleum or nature gases. The reconstruction of paleoproductlvity will thus improve our understanding of the biological processes in the formation of fossil energy resource and help to locate new sites for future exploration. In this study, biorelated elements P, Cd, Al, Ba, as well as redox sensitive element Mo, were analyzed in the 448 rock samples collected from Permian strata at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Guangyuan (广元), Northeast Sichuan (四川) in China. On the basis of the Ti content, the nondetrital contents of P, Ca, and Al, denoted as Pxs, Cdxs, and Alxs, were calculated and found to coincide with the TOC content throughout the whole section, with some enrichment intervals being found in the middle part of Chihsia Formation, topmost Maokou (茅口) Formation, and Dalong (大隆) Formation. This suggests that the biorelated elements could be used as proxies for the paleoproductivity here in this section. Baxs, a paleoproductivity indicator widely used in the paleoceanography, shows insignificant correlation with TOC, Pxs, Cdxs, and Alxs, probably arising from the loss of biological barium in anoxic conditions. Compiled with the data of TOC content and Pxs Cdxs, and Alxs, three episodes of enhanced paleoproductivity were identified in Permian strata including the middle part of Chihsla Formation, topmost Maokou Formation, and Dalong Formation.     

黔南地区中二叠世碳酸盐台地边缘沉积演化及古海洋意义

华南地区二叠纪为东特提斯地区一个大型碳酸盐台地。中二叠世茅口亚世,上扬子碳酸盐台地经历了从全盛到萎缩的重要转折。黔南地区地处该台地南缘,是通过地层结构及其变化探讨台地演化控制因素的最佳地区。文中选取黔南罗甸纳水和沫阳2个代表性剖面,通过对茅口组的岩石类型和骨屑颗粒组合统计分析,从碳酸盐生产工厂的角度开展研究。野外和室内研究共识别出15种岩石类型、5种沉积相和6种骨屑颗粒组合,并恢复了各组合对应的碳酸盐生产工厂的特征。沉积相及碳酸盐生产工厂分析表明,黔南地区自晚孤峰期开始经历了由热带浅水、暖水工厂到热带较深水、温凉水工厂的明显转变,表现为孤峰阶上部开始出现较深水沉积。这一碳酸盐生产工厂的转变现象在华南地区孤峰期—早冷坞期普遍存在,表现为台地萎缩、台地边缘被淹没。中二叠世晚孤峰期至晚二叠世吴家坪期是全球重大地史转折期,光合作用生物遭受重创、海洋生态环境急剧恶化,上述碳酸盐生产工厂的急剧转变与当时热带浅海碳酸盐生产工厂被抑制或破坏有关。     

古氧相——一个新的沉积学研究领域

简要介绍了富氧相、贫氧相、厌氧相、外富氧相和这氧相的主要特征、成因及目前古氧相分析的主要途径，包括古生态学、遗迹学、有机相和沉积地球化学分析。根据国内外研究资料，结合笔者科研成果，综述了古氧相在今地球科学研究领域，如层序地层、岩相古地理编图、重要地质事件研究及地史恢复中的应用及其前景。     

东特提斯二叠纪地层,古地理及矿产国际学术讨论会综述

概述了“东特提斯二叠纪生物地层、古地理和矿产资源国际学术讨论会（ＰＥＴ）”和“澳大利亚生物古地理国际学术讨论会（ＰＡＦＦ）”所涉及的主要内容及最新研究进展,简要评述了东特提斯地区联合古陆时期的古地理、古气候、古海洋研究现状,指出了我国在该方面存在的差距和今后研究值得注意的方向。     

东特提斯地区二叠—三叠纪古气候特征及其古地理意义

对东特提斯地区二叠-三叠纪古气候特征及其演化的系统分析表明,二叠纪-晚三叠世期间东特提斯地区分带型气候特征仍然较为清楚.二叠纪早期非暖水沉积在印度板块上的时空分布表明,现今印度板块东南边缘当时应贴近南极洲而非澳大利亚西北部.早二叠世早期非暖水沉积的北界在滇西位于昌宁-孟连带之西;在青藏高原,可能位于班公湖-丁青带.之后随着联合古大陆的整体北移,亲冈瓦纳地块群经历了由南温带到热带的古气候演化,欧亚大陆南部经历了由热带到北温带的古气候演化.各地块二叠-三叠纪期间古气候特征的演化为其古地理位置的确定提供了重要依据.二叠纪栖霞期古地理再造表明特提斯洋具多岛洋特点,二叠纪早期昌宁-孟连洋向北延入班公湖-怒江带,向南延入清迈带,大体占据南部亚热带,宽约10°古纬距.