Spatial-temporal characters of Antarctic sea ice variation

1　Introduction Nowadaysglobalclimatechangehasbeenanimportantissueintheworld.Antarctic areaisjustthekeyandsensitiveregion,fromwhichscientistsaretryingtheirbesttofind theomenofglobalclimatechange.Andfortherevolvingglobalatmosphere,PolarRegions arecoldsource.TheoceanicandatmosphericconditionofPolarRegionsisimportantto globalatmosphericcirculationandclimatechange.Antarcticareaisoneofthecoldsources ofglobalearth atmospheresystem,whileequatorialareaisitsmainheatsource(seeZhou andLuetal.1996).…     

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF MERIDIONAL VARIATION OF UV-B RADIATION DURING VOYAGES TO THE ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC REGIONS

Based on 1999-2000 observations made by the first Arctic and sixteenth Antactic scientificvoyages,a study is undertaken about the meridional surface UV-B (B band ultraviolet rays)variations in 75°N-70°S.It is mitigated as a function of latitudes and marked by lower radiationaveraged over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than over the Southern Hemisphere (SH),with itsdaily course basically similar to that of total radiation.Around polar summer noon hours (localtime) and where ice albedo is maximum,the strongest UV-B irradiance on the surfaceperpendicular to sun's beams as found at equatorial latitudes is measured sometimes.In the areasnear Zhongshan Station the increase of surface UV-B radiation shows a close relation to thedecrease of ozone in the higher atmosphere but it has a less intimate relation with its concentrationat ground.     

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE RADIATION COMPONENTS AT ZHONGSHAN STATION

A preliminary analysis of some characteristics of the radiation components is made by using the surface radiation data obtained from February 1990 to January 1991 at Zhongshan Station. The result shows that the fluxes of direct radiation and global radiation are strong with higher atmospheric transparency,and the surface can absorb large amount of radiation energy in warm season. The surface loses heat energy in cold season due to the seasonal variations of the surface albedo and shortwave radiation. The variation of net longwave radiation is related to cloud amount and surface air temperature. The property of net radiation is similar to other Antarctic coastal stations but differs greatly from Antarctic inland area.     

南极地区地面温度序列的建立及研究

分析了南极地区自１８９５年以来考察队零散观测和少数考察站的温度资料，结合国际地球物理年以后连续观测的温度资料，建立了近百年来年平均气温序列并计算了其变化趋势。结果表明：南极地区的变暖趋势十分明显，气温比上个世纪末至少增加了１℃。     

南极地区地面温度序列的建立及研究

分析了南极地区自１８９５年以来考察队零散观测和少数考察站的温度资料，结合国际地球物理年以后连续观测的温度资料，建立了近百年来年平均气温序列并计算了其变化趋势。结果表明：南极地区的变暖趋势十分明显，气温比上个世纪末至少增加了１℃。     

隆冬极地涡旋的崩溃过程

本文利用波谱分析方法,研究了隆冬北半球极地涡旋的崩溃过程,指出极地涡旋的崩溃是中、高纬度环流相互作用的产物。当中纬度地区有长波脊向北发展时,有利于极地涡旋崩溃。当高纬度地区有西风角动量向南输送时,有利于极地高压的建立。     

南亚高压与台风路径

一、引言 1975年8月7503号台风登陆北上,最后在河南境内折向西南行消失。我们发现,在台风消失时,对流层上部(300毫巴以上)在我国东部平原上空稳定维持着一个南亚高压(即一般所说的青藏高压)单体。     

气候变化的科学—IPCC（1995）评估报告为决策者写的总结

气候变化是当前各国政府和人民普遍关心的热点问题，为了加强在这一领域的国际合作，联合国世界气象组织（ＷＭＯ）和环境规划署（ＵＮＥＰ）于１９８８年联合建立了政府间气候变化专门委员会（ＩＰＣＣ）。ＩＰＣＣ设立了评价现有的气候变化可用科学资料（第一工作组）、评价气候变化的环境和及经济和社会影响（第二工作组）、制定响应对策（第三工作组）等三个工作组和一个发展中国家参与特别委员会，集中了世界各国有关气候、环境、海洋、能源和生态等各方面权威和著名专家，进行了卓有成效的工作。它于１９９０年完成了对气候问题的第一次全面评估报告（ＩＰＣＣＦｉｒｓｔＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔＲｅｐｏｒｔ），并于１９９２年提交了补充报告（１９９２ＩＰＣＣＳｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ），１９９４年提出了气候变化的辐射强迫和ＩＳ９２排放构想（ＣｌｉｍａｔｅＣｈａｎｇｅ，１９９４）。最近出版的《气候变化１９９５》则是自１９９０年首次评估以来，包含内容最多的有关气候变化科学的评估报告（ＣｌｉｍａｔｅＣｈａｎｇｅ，１９９５）。ＩＰＣＣ报告是经正式“批准”（ａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄ）或被“采纳”（ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄ）的文件。一个经“批准”的报告，需在有关的ＩＰＣＣ工作组全体会议上逐     

CHARACTERISTICS OF OZONE VARIATION OVER ANTARCTICA

ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＯＺＯＮＥＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＶＥＲＡＮＴＡＲＣＴＩＣＡ￥ＺｈｏｕＸｉｕｊｉｉ（周秀骥），ＬｕＬｏｎｇｈｕａ（陆龙骅），ＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（郑向东）ａｎｄＧｕｏＳｏｎｇ（郭松）ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳ...