2019年太原青运会期间空气质量评估

为评估太原青运会期间大气污染控制措施对空气质量的改善效果,对青运会会前、会期和会后三个阶段太原市6种污染物浓度的演变及气溶胶在垂直方向上的变化进行了分析。结果表明：青运会期间太原市PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、NO₂、O₃较青运会前分别下降30.5%、37.3%、20.2%、18.0%和18.6%,SO₂削减程度不明显。垂直方向上,青运会期间气溶胶消光系数峰值降低24.6%,其中低湿天气下气溶胶消光系数峰值下降46%,高湿天气下峰值下降21.6%,青运会期间大气中PM_2.5在PM₁₀中的占比降低,垂直大气中气溶胶的吸湿增长能力增强。与2017和2018年同期相比,青运会期间PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、NO₂浓度均有大幅下降,O₃浓度较近两年同期无显著变化。因此,青运会期间的各项控制措施有效降低了本地颗粒物浓度。     

我国西部罗兰台站定位性能分析

罗兰导航系统(Long range navigation)是全球卫星导航系统的有效备份和补充.罗兰信号以地波形式沿地球表面传播,随着传播距离的增加,地波信号受到地面电参数的影响会出现一定程度的传播延时,信号的场强也会逐渐减弱.为分析我国西部罗兰台站的定位性能,从理论角度分析了不同介质类型中二次时延随距离的变化关系,并结合电磁波传播规律计算了场强随距离的变化.根据罗兰接收机最低性能标准,分析了西部台站的覆盖区域以及定位范围,计算了定位区域内的几何精度因子,结果显示定位范围内大部分区域的几何精度因子小于6.在计算区域内仿真西部台站定位误差,分析结果表明:就定位而言,西部台站几何布局较为合理,但是由于二次时延的影响,纬度和经度方向定位误差较大,必须采用差分等抑制观测误差的方法提高定位精度.为扩大西部罗兰台站的定位覆盖区域,接收机的接收能力有待提升.     

基于MODIS时序数据的青海湖流域植被时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系(英文)

Global warming has led to significant vegetation changes in recent years. It is necessary to investigate the effects of climatic variations(temperature and precipitation) on vegetation changes for a better understanding of acclimation to climatic change. In this paper, we focused on the integration and application of multi-methods and spatial analysis techniques in GIS to study the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation dynamics and to explore the vegetation change mechanism. The correlations between EVI and climate factors at different time scales were calculated for each pixel including monthly, seasonal and annual scales respectively in Qinghai Lake Basin from the year of 2001 to 2012. The primary objectives of this study are to reveal when, where and why the vegetation change so as to support better understanding of terrestrial response to global change as well as the useful information and techniques for wise regional ecosystem management practices. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Overall vegetation EVI in the region increased 6% during recent 12 years. The EVI value in growing seasons(i.e. spring and summer) exhibited very significant improving trend, accounted for 12.8% and 9.3% respectively. The spatial pattern of EVI showed obvious spatial heterogeneity which was consistent with hydrothermal condition. In general, the vegetation coverage improved in most parts of the area since nearly 78% pixel of the whole basin showed increasing trend, while degraded slightly in a small part of the area only.(2) The EVI change was positively correlated with average temperature and precipitation. Generally speaking, in Qinghai Lake Basin, precipitation was the dominant driving factor for vegetation growth; however, at different time scale its weight to vegetation has differences.(3) Based on geo-statistical analysis, the autumn precipitation has a strong correlation with the next spring EVI values in the whole region. This findings explore the autumn precipitation is an important indicator, and then, limits the plant growth of next spring.     

切实履行职能 做好技术支撑——内蒙古地质环境监测院举行2010年技术支撑重点工作汇报会

<正>内蒙古地质环境监测院作为国土资源厅直属公益性事业单位,主要从事全区地下水动态监测、地质灾害防治、地质遗迹保护、矿山地质环境恢复治理、     

Derivation of reliability index vector formula for series system and its application

In this study, a reliability index vector formula is proposed for series system with two failure modes in term of the concept of reliability index vector and equivalent failure modes. Firstly, the reliability index vector is introduced to determine the correlation coefficient between two failure modes, and then, the reliability index vector of a series system can be obtained. Several numerical cases and an analysis on offshore platform are performed, and the results show that this scheme provided here has better computational accuracy, and its calculation process is simpler for the series systems reliability calculations compared with the other methods. Also this scheme is more convenient for the engineering applications.     

古海洋氧化还原地球化学指标研究新进展

古海洋氧化还原条件的恢复一直是地学界的研究热点。许多指标可以用来指示古海洋沉积岩(物)的氧化还原条件。其中地球化学和矿物学方法历来是研究古海洋氧化还原条件的主要手段,前人工作主要集中在单个种类指标(沉积学、矿物学、地球化学等)的单方面研究,缺乏系统研究。但沉积物中的氧化还原指标受很多因素的影响,用单个指标来指示水体的氧化还原条件存在不确定性。主要通过主量元素(总有机碳TOC、有机碳和磷的摩尔比C_org∶P),氧化还原敏感的微量元素(U、V、Mo),黄铁矿类型和草莓状黄铁矿粒径分布以及同位素(黄铁矿硫同位素δ34S_pyrite、钼同位素δ₉₈Mo、铀同位素δ238U)等指标的综合运用来区分硫化、缺氧、次氧化以及氧化等水体条件。在硫化水体中,氧化还原敏感元素和TOC含量均大量富集,尤其是Mo的富集系数(Mo_EF)比U的富集系数(U_EF)更大(Mo_EF>U_EF),有机碳和磷的摩尔比(C_org∶P)也呈现高值;黄铁矿几乎全部呈草莓状,很少出现自形晶,草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径小(常小于5 μm)且变化不大,δ34S_pyrite值偏负,δ98Mo值和海水同位素值接近,约为+2.3‰,δ238U值为+0.2‰,高于海水的同位素值(-0.41‰)。水体环境为氧化的条件下,氧化还原敏感的元素和TOC的量都很缺乏,有机碳和磷的摩尔比(C_org∶P)出现低值,黄铁矿很少,且主要以自形晶的形式出现,平均粒径很大,黄铁矿中的δ34S_pyrite值偏正,δ98Mo值偏负,为-0.7‰,δ238U值为-0.65‰。在缺氧和次氧化水体环境中,各种指标介于硫化和氧化环境之间,氧化还原敏感元素和TOC含量适中,U相对比Mo富集(U_EF>Mo_EF),黄铁矿以草莓状为主,有部分的自形晶出现,黄铁矿平均粒径较大,而且变化范围较大,黄铁矿中的δ ₃₄S_pyrite值、δ98Mo值以及δ238U值均介于氧化和硫化环境之间。最后,还提出在分析古海洋的氧化还原条件时,要综合考虑多种影响因素,清晰认识到每个指标的适用性和局限性,并指出了存在的问题和不足。      

白云凹陷西南区块中—深层优质砂岩体地震响应特征

砂岩体尤其是优质砂岩体一直是油气勘探的重点目标与热点关注。近年来,随着油气勘探程度的不断深入,浅层优质砂岩体已基本寻找殆尽,对油气资源的巨大需求迫使逐渐关注中—深层（3 500 m以下）乃至超深层区域的优质砂岩体,由于其埋深较大,加之受沉积环境、地温与埋藏时间、成岩作用以及构造作用等多方面因素的综合影响,使得判别这些优质砂岩体的难度增加。区别于传统砂岩的识别方法,从地震响应特征的角度出发,通过对不同岩性的速度分析来建立砂泥岩速度-深度曲线图,并以此为基础开展砂体地震波形分析,尝试建立一套有效的典型优质砂体识别与预测技术。     

内蒙古西乌旗地区早二叠世皱纹珊瑚化石组合及其地质意义

基于生物地层学的研究，详细描述了内蒙古西乌旗地区早二叠世的皱纹珊瑚，建立了7个新种，划分了2个珊瑚组合：Lytvolasma-Cyathocarinia组合和Lytvolasma-Caninophyllum-Pseudopolythecalis组合。前一组合主要为小型单体，无鳞板，隔壁加厚，外壁厚，一些分子具典型中柱的珊瑚类型；后一珊瑚化石组合表现为群体珊瑚和单体珊瑚混生融合。本区珊瑚动物群在早二叠世阿木山期混生类型为超覆型，在早二叠世包特格期混生类型为混合型。这种混生现象与石炭纪末一二叠纪初全球气候变冷事件相吻合，并反映了古气候暖-冷-暖的变化。同时也佐证了古亚洲洋洋壳的性质在稍早的时期已经发生了本质变化。此时海盆性状应该是岛弧浅海，而不是大洋。     

STUDY ON CLOUD CLASSIFICATIONS BY USING AVHRR,GMS-5 AND TERRA/MODIS SATELLITE DATA

This paper presents the automated pixel-scale neural network classification methods beingdeveloped at National Satellite Meteorological Center(NSMC)of China to classify clouds by usingNOAA/AVHRR and GMS-5 satellite imageries.By using Terra satellite MODIS imageries,anautomated pixel-scale threshold technique has been developed to detect and classify clouds.Thestudy focuses on applications of these cloud classification techniques to the Huaihe River and theChangjiang(Yangtze)River drainage basin.The different types of clouds show more clearly onthis cloud classification image than single band image.The results of the cloud classifications arethe basis of studying cloud amount,cloud top height and cloud top pressure.Cloud mask methodsare widely used in SST,LST,and TPW retrieval schemes.Some case studies about cloud maskand cloud classification in satellite imageries,which are related with the study of Global Energyand Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX)in the Huaihe River and the Changjiang River drainagebasin are illustrated.